Energy use and emissions from transport in Norway Nina Holmengen Division for energy and environmental statistics Statistics Norway

Outline Coherence between energy balance, energy accounts, emission inventory and air emission accounts Determination of total consumption of energy products to transport The statistics on deliveries of petroleum products Model for calculating emissions from road transport Need for bridging Industrial breakdown of energy use and emissions from mobile sources

Coherence between energy balance, energy accounts, emission inventory and air emission accounts Statistics on deliveries of petroleum products Electricity statistics District heating statistics Foreign trade statistics National accounts Statistics on industrial energy use Survey on energy goods used as raw materials Consumption of energy goods in the extraction of crude oil and natural gas, from the Petroleum Directorate Other Emission inventory Air emission account

Determination of total consumption of energy products to transport - I Railways: Auto diesel: Data from the National State Railways Road transport: Gasoline: Total sales exclusive gasoline used in machinery etc. Diesel: Total sales of taxed diesel plus a small amount of ”tax-free” diesel. Biodiesel figures from oil companies CNG: Total sales LPG: Estimate Domestic navigation: Natural gas: Sales figures from distributors Residual fuel oil and heavy distillates: Sales to domestic navigation Gas oil: Remaining sales after use in other sectors has been subtracted

Determination of total consumption of energy products to transport - II International shipping Marine gas oils and heavy fuel oil: Domestic sales split between residents and non-residents, and purchase of bunkers abroad (monetary, from national accounts) Domestic civil aviation Jet kerosene: Data from aviation companies (total purchase, purchase abroad, and domestic use) Aviation petrol: Total sales

Statistics on deliveries of petroleum products Examples of relevant consumer groups in the statistics on deliveries of petroleum products Consumer group 20 Fishing/hunting 21 Distributors 22 Consumers 32 Extraction of crude oil and natural gas 66 Domestic navigation 67 International shipping 53 Industrial buildings Deliveries from all major oil companies, plus imports Oil companies have difficulties separating sales to fishing, domestic navigation and international shipping Deliveries to distributors poses a challenge

Model for calculating emissions from road transport - I Model: HBEFA Total fuel consumption: Statistics on deliveries of petroleum products Number of vehicles: Official register of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads Age distribution: Official register of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads Introduction of technology classes: Official register, and legislation Average annual mileage: Odometer readings from annual or biannual roadworthiness tests (from 2005) Age distribution of annual mileage: Odometer readings, same distribution used for all years. Motor cycles and mopeds: Report on transport volumes in Norway

Model for calculating emissions from road transport - II Load data: Statistics Norway’s Road goods transport survey Transformation patterns: Statistics Norway’s Road goods transport survey Traffic situations: Vehicle kilometers on national and county roads from the Directorate of Public Roads Municipal roads: Estimates from Statistics Norway Gradient and traffic flow: Assumptions/estimates Ambient conditions: Air temperature and humidity from the Norwegian Metheorological institute Trip length and parking time distributions: Norwegian travel survey

Need for bridging Difference between sales figures and bottom-up calculations relatively stable Difference considerably larger that the estimates for cross-border traffic

Industrial breakdown of transport energy consumption and emissions - I Private households Petrol: Passenger cars, motor cycles, mopeds and snow mobiles from number of vehicles, driving lengths and consumption Diesel: Passenger cars, with the exception of a percentage placed in industrial sectors (constant) Agriculture Data from the agricultural budget committee Forestry Consumption factors from the Norwegian forest research institute Share of logging with forestry machinery from forestry statistics in Statistics Norway Oil and gas extraction Statistics on deliveries of petroleum products, consumer group ”Extraction of crude oil and natural gas”

Industrial breakdown of transport energy consumption and emissions - II Navigation Sales, and national accounts Aviation Aviation petrol: Total sales for aviation petrol Jet kerosene: All aviation, with the exception of military Transport in service industries Petrol: Education, taxi operation, scheduled urban and suburban motor bus transport and other urban and suburban transport: Number of vehicles from the vehicle register, driving distances and assumed consumption per kilometer. Other: Residuals, and the distribution between them is done by employment figures and numbers on use per man-labour year from a very old energy survey. Auto diesel: Taxi operation: Consumption per kilometer, assumed driving lengths and number of vehicles Scheduled urban and suburban transport is the sum of passenger and goods transport

  Emissions from all sources 1 000 tonnes Of which emissions from mobile combustion (A+B+C+D) A. Road transport B. Aviation C. Navigation, including fishing D. Other mobile combust. Emissions from Norwegian economic activity (1+2) 65086 46% 15% 4% 25% 3% 1. International aviation and shipping 13794 100% . 9% 91% International aviation 1233 International shipping 12561 2. Emissions from Norwegian territory 51292 32% 19% 2% 7% Agriculture, forestry and fishing 6199 30% 0% 22% Mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction, includingservice activities 13979 1% Manufacturing 11888 Energy and water supply, sewage and waste management, construction 3811 20% 5% Wholesale and retail trade, motor veh. rep., accommod. and food service activities 675 43% Transport 7755 99% 56% 14% Other service activities 619 79% 68% 11% Public administration and defence 290 81% 35% 37% Education, human health and social work activities 799 21% Households 6141 72%

Thank you Nina Holmengen Senior Adviser Division for energy and environmental statistics Statistics Norway Telephone: +47 21 09 49 23 hni@ssb.no