Linear Motion Review Work and Power Forms of Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Linear Motion Review Work and Power Forms of Energy Kinetic and Potential Energy Energy Transformations Conservation of Energy Linear Momentum Angular Momentum

Work Work equals force times distance. W = Fd The SI unit of work is the joule. 1 joule (J) = 1 newton-meter (N · m) W=Fd=(100N)(8m)=800N·m=800J

Power Power is the rate at which work is being done: P = W/t SI unit of power is the watt. 1 watt (W) = 1 joule/second (J/s) The kilowatt (kW) is a convenient unit of power for many applications.

Kinetic Energy Energy is that property something has that enables it to do work. The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy (KE): KE = ½mv2 where m = mass and v = speed. KE increases very rapidly with speed because of the v2 factor.

Potential Energy Potential energy (PE) is the energy an object has by virtue of its position. Gravitational Potential Energy: PE = mgh

Energy Transformations Energy can be transformed or converted from one form to another.

Energy Transformations Types of Energy 1. Kinetic energy 2. Potential energy 3. Chemical energy 4. Heat energy 5. Electric energy 6. Radiant energy

Conservation of Energy The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it can be changed from one form to another.

Linear Momentum Linear Momentum is a measure of the tendency of a moving object to continue in motion along a straight line: p = mv

Linear Momentum The law of conservation of momentum states: In the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of a set of objects remains the same no matter how the objects interact with one another.

Linear Momentum Newton’s Cradle- An example of the conservation of linear momentum.

Angular Momentum Angular momentum is a measure of the tendency of a rotating object to continue spinning about a fixed axis L=mvr L= angular Momentum m=mass circling v=velocity of rotation r=distance from center The smaller the “r” the faster the “v”. Angular momentum is conserved.

Angular Momentum Definition: The more angular momentum an object has, the greater its tendency to continue to spin (and be stable) Toy tops • Footballs The earth • Bullets Defining angular momentum is complicated; depends on… How fast the object is turning Mass of the object How the mass is distributed (the further the mass is from the center of the object, the greater the angular momentum)