Cell Processes! Unit 4 Review Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Cell Energy Photosyn. Light Rxns Dark Rxns Cell Resp. Compar-isons 10 20 30 40 50

Question 1 - 10 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 1 – 10 Energy cannot be converted without the loss of some useable energy, usually heat.

Question 1 - 20 Deep in the ocean near thermal vents, several species of crabs, mussels and tube worms have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that perform chemosynthesis, making sugar from hydrogen sulfide. The crabs are (autotrophs/heterotrophs) and the bacteria are (autotrophs/heterotrophs).

Answer 1 – 20 Crabs – heterotrophs Bacteria - autotrophs

Question 1 - 30 Photosynthesis uses energy to bond smaller molecules into a larger molecule (glucose). Cellular respiration breaks larger molecules of glucose apart into smaller molecules, releasing energy. Which is anabolic and which is catabolic?

Answer 1 – 30 Photosynthesis – anabolic Cellular respiration - catabolic

Question 1 - 40 ATP is often compared to money that is “spent” throughout the cell. What is the metaphorical money value of ATP? (In other words, how many dollars?)

Answer 1 – 40 ATP - $1.00 (ATP isn’t very much energy)

Question 1 - 50 The equation below indicates that if the equation is read left to right, ATP is made. If you read the equation right to left, ADP is made. How do the multiple directions of the equation relate to photosynthesis and cell respiration?

Answer 1 – 50 ADP becomes ATP either to store energy in glucose or released by glucose. Once the energy is dropped off, ATP is again ADP. It is cyclical.

Question 2 - 10 What molecule from the photosynthesis equation is used in the light reactions? What molecule from the equation is released?

Answer 2 – 10 H2O (water) is used O2 is released

Question 2 - 20 List the cycles that make the light reactions in order.

Answer 2 – 20 Photosystem 2 Photosystem 1 Chemiosmosis or Electron Transport Chain

Question 2 - 30 Where exactly to the light reactions take place?

Answer 2 – 30 Thylakoid membrane

Question 2 - 40 Which color(s) are most absorbed by pigments? Which color(s) are least absorbed?

Answer 2 – 40 Most absorbed: red and blue Least absorbed: Green

Question 2 - 50 What energy carriers are released from light reactions?

Answer 2 – 50 ATP NADPH

Question 3 - 10 What is the name of the cycle(s) in the dark reactions?

Answer 3 – 10 The Calvin Cycle

Question 3 - 20 Where exactly does the dark reaction take place?

Answer 3 – 20 Stroma

Question 3 - 30 What molecule from the photosynthesis equation is used in the dark reactions? What molecule from the equation is released?

Answer 3 – 30 CO2 is used Sugars (C6H12O6) is released

Question 3 - 40 What molecules are sent back from the dark reactions to the light reactions?

Answer 3 – 40 NADP+ and ADP + P

Question 3 - 50 How many total carbons are used during the Calvin Cycle? How many carbons from that total never leave the cycle, being constantly recycled?

Answer 3 – 50 36 total carbons are used 30 never leave the cycle

Question 4 - 10 List the steps of cellular respiration in order.

Answer 4 – 10 Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle a.k.a. Citric Acid Cycle, then Electron Transport Chain

Question 4 - 20 What molecule from the cellular respiration equation is used in glycolysis? What molecule is formed to continue through cellular respiration?

Answer 4 – 20 Glucose is used. Two 3-carbon pyruvates are formed

Question 4 - 30 What molecule from the cellular respiration equation is used in the Krebs cycle? What molecule is released?

Answer 4 – 30 Oxygen (from O2 or C6H12O6) is used CO2 is released

Question 4 - 40 What molecule from the cellular respiration equation is used in the Electron Transport Chain? What molecule is released?

Answer 4 – 40 Oxygen (from O2 or C6H12O6) is used H2O is released

Question 4 - 50 What is the exact location each part of cellular respiration takes place? How many ATP are released from each part?

Answer 4 – 50 Glycolysis – in the cytoplasm – 2 ATP Krebs – in mitochondrial matrix – 2 ATP ETC – in mitochondrial matrix – 32-34 ATP

Question 5 - 10 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are related. Can plants live without animals? Can animals live without plants? Explain.

Answer 5 – 10 Plants can do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, so they do not need animals. Animals can only do cellular respiration and would run out of O2 without plants.

Question 5 - 20 Describe the main similarity and the main difference between the photosynthesis equation and the cellular respiration equation.

Answer 5 – 20 Similarity – same molecules and quantities used in both Difference – they are opposites – the reactants in one are the products of the other and visa versa.

Question 5 - 30 Describe the differences in locations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answer 5 – 30 Photosynthesis occurs exclusively in the chloroplast (light reactions on thylakoid membrane and dark reaction in the stroma) Cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and finishes in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 5 - 40 Describe the differences in the input/output of energy, including the type of energy, between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answer 5 – 40 Photosynthesis – light energy in Cellular respiration – chemical energy out

Question 5 - 50 What energy carriers are used by photosynthesis? What energy carriers are used by cellular respiration?

Answer 5 – 50 Photosynthesis – ATP and NADPH Cellular Respiration – ATP, NADH, & FADH2