7 Years War Struggle for a Continent Ms. Dow Socials 9

Review: Life on a Seigneury Habitants = workers Spring – plant, syrup, fish Summer – maintain fields, cut wood, fur trade Fall – harvest, fish, hunt, preserve Winter – repairs, fur trade, fun times

Review: Life on a Seigneury Seigneur = lord Parceled land Built manor house Built mill Built church Held court

Review: Life on a Seigneury Church plays a very important role Ability to work in the Fur Trade = more opportunity to make money

Was North America Won or Lost? The history of New France was marked by struggles for power French struggled for territory against the Iroquois and other native communities, but also the British and their American colonies Native groups often forced to side with the European power that would help them meet their goals

Intro: Crash Course on 7 Yrs. War Click for video

JIGSAW Time 1. Read your section Choose to read your assigned pages aloud to your group OR each read alone 2. Summarize your section Do this together with your group Only 4-6 points In your own words! 3. Check in with Ms. Dow 4. Create Your Poster Your names and section title Summarized points A picture 5. Gallery Walk

Seven Years’ War England and France struggling against one another in Europe 1756 England tried to block French supply ships from the St. Lawrence 1758 English take Louisbourg and destroy it English also gain control of the Ohio Valley Louisbourg Ohio Valley

The British Attack New France 1759 British capture Niagra and Carillon British commander James Wolfe sent to capture Quebec with 8000 soldiers and some cannons Also instructed to blockade St. Lawrence River

The French Defense New France Governor Vaudreuil and military commander Montcalm are cut off from their supplies and forced to refuge in Quebec Many alliances with First Nations early in the war, but some broken due to discrimination as new French troops arrive

The British Plan Wolfe burns farms along the St. Lawrence River to try to lure the French out of Quebec When this doesn’t work, they discover a small alcove with a path leading up the cliffs only 3 km from Quebec Could not send whole army, but would force the French to fight

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham British ascend the cliffs at night and Montcalm awakes to a ‘thin red line’ of 4400 British troops Montcalm prepares for attack with 4500 men (could have waited for 13000 reinforcements) Wolfes advantages = troops better trained and equipped Wolfe and the English stand their ground as the French charge – held until just 35 m away – then BOOM French are shattered and British win in just 15 min As one commentator put it; “With one deafening crash, the most perfect volley ever fired on battlefield burst forth as it fired from a single monstrous weapon, from end to end of the British line.”

The Fall of New France Wolfe and Montcalm were both killed British defeated at Sainte-Foy, but able to use Quebec for supplies and reinforcements Montreal taken by 1760 Battle of the Plains of Abraham was not the last battle in the 7 years war, but it is seen as the battle that turned the tides for the British

Review: Battle of the Plains of Abraham Click for Video

Review: Battle of the Plains of Abraham WHO WAS INVOLVED? FRENCH Montcalm (General) Vaudreuil (Governor) These two famous did not get along = many miscommunications! ENGLISH James Wolfe Young, brilliant commander

Review: Battle of the Plains of Abraham What happened? SURPRISE attack from the British British have less troops, but they are well trained and disciplined British wait and fire all together, winning in just 15 min!

Review: Battle of the Plains of Abraham When? 13 September, 1789 Where? Outside Quebec City Why? Death of both generals Turning point in the 7 Years War

What were the effects of British victory in NA?

Treaty of Paris, 1793 War ended in NA in 1760, but officially ended by the Treaty of Paris in 1793 Gives Britain control of NA First Nations not included

First Nations Treated well by the French because of Fur Trade British more interested in farming than furs Pushed out of traditional lands as they became farms Attempted uprising (led by Pontiac) 2 years, many lives lost, failed

Royal Proclamation, 1763 British government not happy about the uprising with Pontiac Recognize First Nations land title West of the Appalachians

Quebec Act, 1764 Difficult because still inhabited by French people Makes New France “Quebec” Extends boundaries French civil law Freedom of religion French language protected English political system