Athens and Sparta: Citizenship -Men became citizens at age 18 -Peisistratus made is so you no longer had to own land to vote -Only aristocrats were citizens -Women and helots were not considered citizens Sparta

Athens and Sparta: Geography -Found northeast of Sparta on Aegean Coast -Located on the Peloponnesus Sparta

Welcome to Athens! Developed the world’s first democratic constitution: A set of rules for governing and operating a government 1. Assembly: Open to all citizens 20 years of age or older- Elected officials and could declare war, Voted on laws 2. 10 Generals: The Assembly elected 10 generals to run military and be judges with one being Commander- in-Chief- Head of the military 3. Council of Five-Hundred: Handed daily business of Athens- Chosen by lot (at random) so every citizen had a chance- Served a 1 year term

Athens Government Athens was first ruled by a king as part of a monarchy 750 B.C. Nobles, merchants, and manufacturers took over the government and setup an oligarchy Fighting then broke out between farmers and artisans over land Draco attempted to make changes, but his laws were very harsh

Athens Government Solon then came to power and wrote a constitution that took power away from the rich A constitution a set of rules that determine how a government runs Next, Solon led Athens and gave power to all landowners After Solon was Pisistratus who left power to his sons when he died

Athens Government Soon after, the Spartans controlled Athens for a short time A noble named Cleisthenes overthrew the Spartans and established the first democracy! The changes made by Cleisthenes lasted for almost 300 years! The Acropolis in Athens!

Sparta Government Sparta was first ruled by a king A type of government called an oligarchy was eventually setup around 800 B.C. in which 2 kings ruled Oligarchy: A government system ruled by a few individuals

Sparta Government Only upper-class citizens were considered Spartan citizens The Assembly was open to all males over 20 years old. The Assembly passed laws and made decisions of war and peace They also selected 5 members called ephors that controlled public affairs and taught young Spartans A group of men over 60 years old called the Council of Elders helped the ephors and suggested laws

Athens and Sparta: Military -Sparta was known for having a very strong army! -Goal was to be militarily strong -Spartan kings led the army. Sparta -Athens had a powerful army and navy -Triremes were Athenian warships with 3 levels of rowers -Led a powerful military alliance called the Delian League with a common navy

Athens and Sparta: Children and Education -Required citizens to educate their sons -Studied Homer, poetry, writing, math and music -Girls were mostly taught at home -Spartan babies were examined -Unhealthy babies left on a cliff to die -Boys sent to live in military camps: Agoge -Girls played sports and could go to school Sparta

Athens and Sparta: Culture -Spartans thought change would make them weak Helots: Enslaved people who farmed Perioeci: Merchants and artisans not considered citizens -Culture reached new heights under the rule of Pericles Upper Class: Military and government officials that were citizens Lower Class: Former slaves and traders that were not all citizens Sparta

Athens and Sparta: Men Athens -Became citizen at 18 Had to do the following… 1. Help make Athens better 2. Be honorable in battle 3. Follow the constitution 4. Respect their religion -Expected to be married at 20 -Had to live in army barracks -Could retire at 60 Sparta

Athens and Sparta: Women -Spent most time at home performing household duties -Only went out to visit other women or go to religious events -Had more power than in Athens -Mixed freely with men and played sports Sparta

Where would you rather live? As a proud citizen of either Athens or Sparta… -Come up with at least 5 solid reasons why your polis is the best place to live and why the other city isn’t Example: Sparta is better because they teach boys from age 7 to be soldiers unlike Athens where boys learn poetry and music