Chapter 1: Exploring Life

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Biology: Exploring Life
Advertisements

Living Things are Highly Organized
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION 1.1 – Levels of Organization B. EcosystemAll organisms + nonliving components C. CommunityAll organisms in an area D. Population.
BIOLOGY – EXPLORING LIFE
1. What is mass? 2. What is weight? 3. What is the scientific method? › After you define, list all the parts you remember below your answer.
Chapters 1 &2 The Scope & Science of Biology Enduring Understandings : Biology explores life from the global to the microscopic scale Biology explores.
Biology Exploring Life.
The lives of gray-headed flying foxes are closely entwined with the lives of the eucalyptus trees that form their habitat –Eucalyptus trees provide food.
Characteristics of Living Things. What is Biology? 1.The study of living things (organisms) 2. The study of interactions of living things 3. -life -study.
Biology: Themes in the Study of Life. A Hierarchy of Biological Organization The study of life extends from the microscopic scale of molecules and cells.
Chapter 2: The Science of Biology. 1.Investigate and understand the natural world 2.Explain events in the natural world 3.Use those explanations to make.
1.1 The Study of Life KEY CONCEPT Biology is the study of all forms of life.
Biology: Exploring Life
Chapter 1 The Science of Biology.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Biology is the scientific study of life Interactions between different kinds of.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell,
Chapter 1 Exploring Life: Introducing Biology. Life is Organized on Several Levels.
The Study of Life. All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. They Reproduce 3. Grow & Develop 4. Respond To Their Environment.
1 The Science of Life. 2 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Characteristics of Life and Overview of.
WHAT IS BIOLOGY? Biology is science Bio – is a prefix that means LIFE logy- means the study of? Now put it together!! Biology is the study of life and.
Neil A. Campbell Brad Williamson Robin J. Heyden Created by Roxanne Leitner.
A View of Life Chapter 1. Learning Objective 1 What are the three basic themes of biology? What are the three basic themes of biology? 1. Evolution 2.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell,
Do Now List as many living things as you observe, then list as many non living things as you observe. What does it mean to be alive? How do you determine.
BIOLOGY: Characteristics of Living Things. What is Biology? ology study of Bio life Biology: Study of life.
Chapter 1: Biology: Exploring Life What is Biology? The study of life or living organisms.
Is Fire Alive? 3 What is Biology?  Biology is the study of all living things  Living things are called organisms  Organisms include bacteria, protists,
Welcome to the 2015 – 2016 School Year! Mrs. Mollberg.
What Does it Mean to Be Alive?
Biology: Themes in the Study of Life
Section Outline 1–2 How Scientists Work A. Designing an Experiment
Characteristics of Living Things
Study of Life Chapter 1 Themes
BIOLOGY: Characteristics of Living Things
Study of Biology.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
Chapters 1 &2 The Scope & Science of Biology
What Does it Mean to Be Alive?
copyright cmassengale
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
Biology: Exploring Life
Biology: Exploring Life
Biology: Exploring Life
Chapter 1 The science of biology
Biology: Exploring Life
Biology: Exploring Life
1-3 Studying Life.
Study of Biology.
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
Biology: Exploring Life
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
Study of Biology.
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
Biology: Exploring Life
Study of Biology.
copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale
BIOLOGY THE SCOPE OF LIFE.
Living Things. Living Things Biology The study of life to understand the living world Biologists use the scientific method to study living things.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1: Exploring Life • Hierarchy, levels of biological structure • Properties of life (at least 7) • Evolution, Unity and Diversity • Scientific Method

Life’s Hierarchical Order Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organs Tissues Cells Atoms Emergent properties

Biosphere: all the environments of Earth that support life Ecosystem: All the living and nonliving components of a particular environment Community: All the living organisms in an ecosystem Population: an interacting group of individuals of one species Organism: An individual living entity

Living organisms and their environments form interconnecting webs Producers-photosynthetic organisms-use energy from the sun to produce food Consumers are ultimately dependent on producers for food Decomposers break down dead organic material, which is recycled

The dynamics of an ecosystem include two major processes: The cycling of chemical nutrients The one-way flow of energy, entering as sunlight and leaving as heat

cycling LE 1-2 Inflow of light Loss energy of heat energy Chemical Sun Air Inflow of light energy Loss of heat energy O2 CO2 CO2 Chemical energy Cycling of chemical nutrients Consumers Producers Decomposers H2O cycling Soil Ecosystem

Cells are the structural and functional units of life Cells perform all functions necessary for life Regulate their internal environment Take in and use energy Respond to the local environment Develop and maintain their complex organization Divide to form new cells

Two basic types of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes are smaller and less complex than eukaryotes and lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles Eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex and contain a nucleus and other organelles

EVOLUTION, UNITY, AND DIVERSITY The unity of life: All forms of life have common features

Characteristics of Living Things Examples Living things are made up of units called cells. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Living things reproduce. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. (SEED TO PLANT) Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Living things grow and develop. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. (Caterpillar to Butterfly) Living things obtain and use materials and energy (TAKE IN NUTRIENTS) Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Living things respond to their environment Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Taken as a group, living things change over time. (Evolve) Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.

The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains Scientists have identified about 1.8 million species-particular types of organisms Taxonomy classifies species into a hierarchy of increasingly broad groups

Taxonomy

Domains of Life (3) 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya (prokaryotes, most ancient) 2. Archaea (prokaryotes, extreme ) 3. Eukarya (eukaryotes = protists, plants, animals, fungi)

Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection Species evolved from ancestors through "descent with modification" Natural selection occurs as heritable variations are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others The product of natural selection is adaptation

Population with varied inherited traits LE 1-6b Population with varied inherited traits Elimination of individuals with certain traits Reproduction of survivors

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Scientists use two main approaches to learn about nature Discovery science Primarily describes nature through verifiable observations and measurements Hypothesis-driven science Attempts to explain nature by studying questions drawn from observations made during "discovery science" Hypothesis: a tentative answer to a problem or question that is being asked

Steps in the Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Experiment Data/Results Conclusion

What are the main components of conducting an experiment?

Think about this… Let’s say that Brad has a pimple. He wonders what will get rid of it. He’s heard that putting toothpaste on the zit will get rid of it. He’s also heard that lemon juice will get rid of it. He decides to rub his face with lemon juice and toothpaste. The next morning his pimple is gone. But which thing cured him? The toothpaste or the lemon juice?

THERE IS NO WAY FOR YOU TO KNOW FOR SURE!!! The Answer? How many of you think it was the toothpaste? Raise your hand. How many of you think it was the lemon juice? Raise your hand. The truth is…. THERE IS NO WAY FOR YOU TO KNOW FOR SURE!!!

Every Good Experiment Has Three Things! Independent variable Dependent variable Control So What Are These?

Variable Change Able to Variable: A factor that can change in an experiment. Every experiment has two – one is the cause, the other is the effect.

Cause and Effect Does crushing a sugar cube effect the rate at which the sugar dissolves in the water? What is the cause and what is the effect?

Crushing the sugar cube will effect how long it takes to dissolve. Crushing the sugar cube is what we predict will be the cause. Crushing the sugar cube will effect how long it takes to dissolve. This is called the Independent Variable. This is called the Dependent Variable. The time it takes to dissolve is what we will see the effect on.

The variable being tested in an experiment. (“I”choose) Independent variable The variable being tested in an experiment. (“I”choose)

The variable we predict will be effected. (‘Depends on what I choose’) Dependent variable The variable we predict will be effected. (‘Depends on what I choose’)

Age weather behavior IV- DV- Chances of divorce IV- DV- Experiment Title: Does the age of a person gets married effect their chances of getting a divorce? Experiment Title: Is there are relationship between the weather and how students behave? Age IV- DV- Chances of divorce weather behavior IV- DV-

What is the Purpose of a Control? Controls are NOT being tested Controls are used for COMPARISON

Practice with Controls Does fertilizer affect plant height? Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: How can we be sure that the fertilizer is effecting the plant height? Control: FERTILIZER PLANT HEIGHT A plant that does not contain fertilizer

Remember: To be a Valid Experiment: Two groups are required --- the control & experimental groups There should be only one variable

THE MISSION… Ms. Nakamura is in need of a group of students who will help her create a garden. Unfortunately she does not have that much knowledge in the germination of seeds and has asked the help of her brilliant AP Biology students to help her decide what seeds to use and what time of factors might influence the seeds’ maturation/growth.