Psychological perspectives for Health and Social Care

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Presentation transcript:

Psychological perspectives for Health and Social Care Unit 8

Unit Outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1 Understand psychological perspectives 2 Understand psychological approaches to health and social care.

Psychological Theories Behaviourist Approach All behaviour is learnt Social Learning Theory Observe and copy role models Psychodynamic Approach Behaviour is controlled by the unconscious mind Humanistic Approach Humans strive to reach their potential Cognitive Approach Focuses on internal mental processes Biological Approach All behaviour has a biological basis

The Behaviourist Approach ALL BEHAVIOUR IS LEARNT ALL BEHAVIOUR CAN BE UNLEARNT Learn through a process of conditioning Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning

Operant conditioning Learn through reinforcement and punishment (Supernanny Technique) Positive Reinforcement (Reward) Behaviour will increase if rewarded Punishment (naughty step) Behaviour will reduces if punished

Operant conditioning “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” Behaviour Consequence Likelihood of repetition Reinforcement Punishment

 Operant conditioning “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” Behaviour Consequence Likelihood of repetition  Reinforcement

 Operant conditioning “Behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences.” Behaviour Consequence Likelihood of repetition  Punishment

Operant conditioning The Skinner Box

References: Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Random House. 10

Classical conditioning Pavlov Dog Experiment

Classical conditioning Learning by association When a neutral stimulus is associated with a stimulus that does cause a response Dentist drill Tooth pain Just the sound of the drill becomes associated drill stimulus and response of pain Classical conditioning has occurred just the sound of a drill causes a pain in the mouth

Teacher’s notes: US=unconditioned stimulus; UR=unconditioned response; NS=neutral stimulus; CS=conditioned stimulus; CR=conditioned response. (These are given on the next slide). References: Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. Translated and Edited by G. V. Anrep. London: Oxford University Press 14

What's the condition?

Question 1. A pet owner is training his dog. Every time the dog rolls over the owner gives his pet a treat and whistles at the same time. Three weeks later when the owner whistles the dog rolls over

Question 2. A prisoner has been fighting in jail so the prisoner governor has sent the prisoner to seclusion

Question 3. A students achieves 100% in an exam so her mum gives her £50.

Question 4. To try to treat alcoholism alcoholics are given a foul tasting substance to eat every time they go to have a drink of alcohol

Question 5. Bruce has been grounded for picking on his sister

P1 You need to write about the behaviourist approach. You must include: The role of reinforcement, Conditioning Pavlov Skinner Maybe use these as sub-headings to structure your work.