Basic Trigonometric Identities and Equations Pre-Calculus Teacher – Mrs.Volynskaya

Trigonometric Identities Quotient Identities Reciprocal Identities Pythagorean Identities sin2q + cos2q = 1 tan2q + 1 = sec2q cot2q + 1 = csc2q sin2q = 1 - cos2q tan2q = sec2q - 1 cot2q = csc2q - 1 cos2q = 1 - sin2q 5.4.3

Do you remember the Unit Circle? Where did our pythagorean identities come from?? Do you remember the Unit Circle? What is the equation for the unit circle? x2 + y2 = 1 What does x = ? What does y = ? (in terms of trig functions) sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 Pythagorean Identity!

Take the Pythagorean Identity and discover a new one! Hint: Try dividing everything by cos2θ sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 . cos2θ cos2θ cos2θ tan2θ + 1 = sec2θ Quotient Identity Reciprocal Identity another Pythagorean Identity

Take the Pythagorean Identity and discover a new one! Hint: Try dividing everything by sin2θ sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 . sin2θ sin2θ sin2θ 1 + cot2θ = csc2θ Quotient Identity Reciprocal Identity a third Pythagorean Identity

Using the identities you now know, find the trig value. 1.) If cosθ = 3/4, find secθ 2.) If cosθ = 3/5, find cscθ.

3.) sinθ = -1/3, find tanθ 4.) secθ = -7/5, find sinθ

Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions Identities can be used to simplify trigonometric expressions. Simplify. b) a) 5.4.5

Simplifing Trigonometric Expressions c) (1 + tan x)2 - 2 sin x sec x d)

Simplify each expression.

Simplifying trig Identity Example1: simplify tanxcosx sin x cos x tanx cosx tanxcosx = sin x

Simplifying trig Identity sec x csc x Example2: simplify 1 cos x 1 cos x sinx = x sec x csc x 1 sin x = sin x cos x = tan x

Simplifying trig Identity cos2x - sin2x cos x Example2: simplify = sec x cos2x - sin2x cos x cos2x - sin2x 1

Example Simplify: = cot x (csc2 x - 1) Factor out cot x = cot x (cot2 x) Use pythagorean identity = cot3 x Simplify

Example Simplify: = sin x (sin x) + cos x Use quotient identity cos x Simplify fraction with LCD = sin2 x + (cos x) cos x = sin2 x + cos2x cos x Simplify numerator = 1 cos x Use pythagorean identity = sec x Use reciprocal identity

Your Turn! Combine fraction Simplify the numerator Use pythagorean identity Use Reciprocal Identity

Practice 1 cos2θ cosθ sin2θ cos2θ secθ-cosθ csc2θ cotθ tan2θ

One way to use identities is to simplify expressions involving trigonometric functions. Often a good strategy for doing this is to write all trig functions in terms of sines and cosines and then simplify. Let’s see an example of this: substitute using each identity simplify

Another way to use identities is to write one function in terms of another function. Let’s see an example of this: This expression involves both sine and cosine. The Fundamental Identity makes a connection between sine and cosine so we can use that and solve for cosine squared and substitute.

(E) Examples Prove tan(x) cos(x) = sin(x)

(E) Examples Prove tan2(x) = sin2(x) cos-2(x)

(E) Examples Prove

(E) Examples Prove