NOES Retreat: Summary Guru Parulkar Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California, Riverside and National Science Foundation

Our Collective Opportunity Center of Excellence Shared Vision and Collaborative Research Themes (3-4 Years of Solid Performance) Research Opportunities Funding Availability Timing Team 18 November 2018

Center of Excellence: Why? 1. Highly rewarding academic life 2. Bigger impact 3. Increased funding, visibility, recognition 4. Better focus & context for individual projects 5. Multi-disciplinary ambitious collaborative projects 18 November 2018

Vision, Themes, Focused Projects Capture people’s imagination Remain compelling and exciting for 10 years Reflect strengths within the department/college/Univ Broad with multiple research themes Fundable but uniquely differentiated Themes 2-4 themes that would help realize the vision They will require significant progress on science and technology front They are likely multi-disciplinary A theme likely relevant for 5 to 10 years Example research projects Small and large projects Provide focus in the short term Get the effort going in real sense 18 November 2018

Example Vision, Themes, and Projects

For Physical and Virtual Worlds Vision Computing in Small Networking at Large For Physical and Virtual Worlds 18 November 2018

Computing in Small 18 November 2018

A New Computer Class Emerging Mainframe Minicomputer log (people per computer) Workstation PC Over roughly 50 years, we have seen a series of new classes of computers emerge. Each had its collection of technological drivers – not just a specific breakthrough but a confluence of technological advances. If we were to call out one thing it would be integration. As more capability can be squeezed into a certain size/weight/power – suddenly just when the previous class is at full strength an entirely new kind of system emerges. With it, a whole new class of applications. Purposes for which we didn’t even think computers were good for. What is seldom observed is that each is smaller than the one before, more intimately tied into our lives, and greater in number. Today, all the hype is about internet cell-phones and PDAs. However, you are just about to see a new class emerge. This one will be very different. It will be smaller and more numerous, but instead of keyboards and displays, it will be connected to the physical world. These are devices that we build today off the shelf. This is where we are in the lab. Laptop PDA ??? year From Culler@Berkeley 18 November 2018

CMOS Trends: miniaturization and more Itanium2 (241M ) nearly a thousand 8086’s would fit in a modern microprocessor Why is this happening? What are the technological drivers. What we always hear about is Moore’s law. Doubling the number of transistors per chip every 2 years. The new itanium2 has 241 million transistors. What is less often noted is that the size and cost of a fixed amount of computing gets smaller at almost the same phenomenal rate. When the PC came out, we actually managed to do some computing on an 8086. A thounsand of them would fit in a single itanium today and cost 50c. So we can get complete systems in a small amount of silicon. But those same processes that are making everything smaller and cheaper – soon a million transistors for a dollar – are also making it possible to do other things cheaply. We are seeing CMOS radios on a chip. More radical is mechanical structures, what are called MEMS – microelectrical mechanical systems – here an acceleraometer – on the same chip. So, we can look forward to putting complete systems with processing, storage, communication, and the ability to interact with the physical world in extremely cheap, small packages. - Kris will talk much more about this Actuation LNA mixer PLL baseband filters I SD Q SD Communication Sensing Processing & Storage From Culler@Berkeley 18 November 2018

log (people per computer) New Role for Computing Number Crunching Data Storage log (people per computer) productivity interactive streaming information to/from physical world So if we look at the computing spectrum today, each of the classes exist simultaneously. In a room we can put 100s of teraflops and many petabytes of computing. Our productivity, document preparation, and personal information management fits in our pocket and a new class is emerging that will provide a means of streaming information to and from the physical world like we have never seen before. year From Culler@Berkeley 18 November 2018

Computing in Small: Streaming to/from Physical World Intel Presentation 18 November 2018

Computers Everywhere -- Today Anti-lock brakes Auto-focus cameras Automatic teller machines Automatic toll systems Automatic transmission Avionic systems Battery chargers Camcorders Cell phones Cell-phone base stations Cordless phones Cruise control Curbside check-in systems Digital cameras Disk drives Electronic card readers Electronic instruments Electronic toys/games Factory control Fax machines Fingerprint identifiers Home security systems Life-support systems Medical testing systems Modems MPEG decoders Network cards Network switches/routers On-board navigation Pagers A “short-list” of embedded systems A computing system embedded within an electronic product whose primary function is not a computer 98% of processors are embedded [Tu02] 40-50 in every home >50 in some cars Annual sales Embedded processors alone >$3 billion (Dataquest’00) Other ICs >$20 billion (Gartner/Dataquest 01) Photocopiers Point-of-sale systems Portable video games Printers Satellite phones Scanners Smart ovens/dishwashers Speech recognizers Stereo systems Teleconferencing systems Televisions Temperature controllers Theft tracking systems TV set-top boxes VCR’s, DVD players Video game consoles Video phones Washers and dryers 18 November 2018

Computing in Small Everywhere Universal Device: PDA, Cell Phone, Camera, Music,Sensor Node, Sensornet Controller 18 November 2018

Networking at Large

CIS and Networking A CIS node not useful unless networked “Network is the computer” more true for world with CIS Networking of CIS nodes different from networking that we know 18 November 2018

Themes

Rapid, Efficient, Large Scale Prototyping of Verifiably Correct Low Power CIS Nodes Application Spec (in some form) Tools, Compilers, Verification Frank, Walid, Harry, Jun, Gianfranco Can become our key capability and resource over the years 18 November 2018

Extreme Scaling of CIS Networks A network of 10000 nodes Densely populated Mostly wireless, energy constrained Limited duty cycle Research Architecture OS and system architecture Many algorithms Protocol architectures and implementations Security, Verifiable, In-network computing Nodes to be provided by previous theme People: Srikanth, Michalis, Ravi, Vana, Laxmi, Gianfranco, Guru, and others applications Net Prog Env protocols system architecture Management technology MEMS sensing Power Comm. uRobots actuate Proc Store 18 November 2018

Sensing, Prediction and Control Vertically integrated theme Potential candidates Water monitoring with chemical/biological sensors Ashok STC++ Home automation Existing embedded systems New sensor networks Universal device to control Clean-room Monitoring/Control Nano center, manufacturing And potentially more Testbeds and applications Homegrown sensor nodes, OS, protocol stacks, in-network computing, applications Participation: All Wireless Networking Embedded Systems Sensors Embedded Sensor Applications 18 November 2018

Multi-Layer Low Power Design Energy sources Circuits to systems to software to applications Wireless Networking Embedded Systems Sensors Embedded Sensor Applications 18 November 2018

CIS Networking at Large Universal Device: PDA, Cell Phone, Camera, Music,Sensor Node, Sensornet Controller Universal Network PAN Home Net Enterprise Network Sensor Cellular Internet CISE Everywhere: Wireless Need system/network integration Bridging the gap: challenges and opportunities Innovative new enabling technologies (Software Radios) Applications Middleware Networking Embedded Systems Physical 18 November 2018

Focused Projects

Existing Ones E-Blocks Adaptive and scalable sensor net arch ?? 18 November 2018

Vision, Themes, Focused Projects Capture people’s imagination Remain compelling and exciting for 10 years Reflect strengths within the department/college/Univ Broad with multiple research themes Fundable but uniquely differentiated Themes 2-4 themes that would help realize the vision They will require significant progress on science and technology front They are likely multi-disciplinary A theme likely relevant for 5 to 10 years Example research projects Small and large projects Provide focus in the short term Get the effort going in real sense 18 November 2018