Chapter 6 Lesson 3 “The War Ends” pgs. 190-193 EQ: What factors helped the Union defeat the Confederacy?

Vocabulary Preview Telegraph: communication system that uses electric impulses to send messages by wire Total War: a method of warfare where anything connected to an enemy’s resources is destroyed Desert: to leave, abandon, or withdrawal

Build On What You Know To finish a job, you need to have enough supplies. In the Civil War, the Union had more soldiers, weapons, and food than the Confederacy. These supplies helped the Union win.

Union Victories By the end of 1863, the Union won several important battles (Vicksburg, Gettysburg) President Lincoln need a strong general to defeat the south so he chose Ulysses S. Grant. Lincoln made him commander of all Union armies. Grant planned to lead an army to Virginia to defeat General Robert E. Lee’s army and capture Richmond. Grant ordered General Sherman to lead the union army to Tennessee to attack Atlanta Georgia (a major Confederate city).

General Grant Union General General Lee Confederate Army

Atlanta Campaign Sherman began his attack on Atlanta in May 1864. The city was the center for southern supplies, factories, and railroads. Experienced Union soldiers marched into Georgia. Confederates fought back all summer, but Sherman’s army captured Atlanta in September. Sherman telegraphed Lincoln saying “Atlanta is ours, and fairly won”. Lincoln welcomed the news because he was running for re-election and needed victories.

Sherman’s March to Sea From Atlanta, Sherman’s soldiers marched to Savannah and this became known as the March to the Sea. Union destroyed everything along the way, they stole food, killed animals, and wrecked railroads and factories. Sherman used total war: destroying enemies resources. Once in Savannah, Sherman turned north again, and ruined everything in his path.

Table Talk What happed during Sherman’s March to the Sea? What was General grants’ plan to end the war?

General Sherman

Grant and Lee When Sherman marched into Georgia, Grant led a huge army to Richmond, Virginia. Lee used all of his skill to fight off Grant’s army. The Union suffered terrible losses, but Grant kept attacking. His attacks wore down the Confederate army in a series of battles. Lee was forced farther and farther south. June 1884: the two armies faced each other near Richmond. They stayed there for almost a year.

Lee’s Surrender The Union was growing stronger and the resources helped Grant. He received a steady supply of food and equipment. The North send thousands more soldiers to join his army. Lee’s army was suffering because they had no more soldiers or supplies. Confederate soldiers went hungry and began to desert: leave the army without permission.

Lee’s Surrender April 1865: Lee’s army was too weak to defend Richmond any longer and Lee retreated. The Union army captured Richmond and chased Lee’s army west. Finally, near Appomattox Court House, Lee made a hard decision, he surrendered. On April 9, 1865, Grant and Lee met at the Appomattox Court House and Grant said that Lee’s soldiers could go home and Lee agreed and surrendered.

Lee’s Surrender Grant send 25,000 meals to the hungry Confederate soldiers. A few days later, Lee’s soldiers marched pass the Union army to surrender and were saluted by the Union soldiers. News of Lee’s surrendered spread and in late June of 1865 the war was over.