Civil War Prison Camps.

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Civil War Prison Camps

Early War POW’s Both sides unprepared for large number of prisoners Adopted “Exchange System” (parole) Oath not to fight for a time

Early War POW’s Temporary “holding pens” System broke down: Not honoring length of paroles Union strategy of attrition Paroling prisoners ended by end of 1862

Military Fortifications Both sides used military fortifications: Castle Pinckney-Union prisoners Charleston, SC Fort McHenry-Confederate / political prisoners Baltimore, MD

Converted Buildings Mainly in Confederacy Libby Prison: Union officers Richmond, VA

Escape from Libby Prison Over 100 prisoners attempted escape in Feb. 1864. Dug tunnel into nearby carriage shed; 50-60 made it

Enclosures around Buildings Camp Chase-Confederate prisoners Columbus, OH Over 2,000 prisoners died

Enclosures around Buildings Elmira Prison in upstate NY Union converted old training facility Half barracks, half tent city “Hellmira”: 3,000 died

Enclosures around Tents Belle Isle-Union prisoners Richmond, VA Housed 30,000 prisoners 1,000 died Point Lookout-Confederate prisoners MD, Chesapeake Bay Largest prison camp in North Housed over 50,000 4,000 died

Open Stockades Only Confederacy used ‘open stockades’ Andersonville--most infamous Confederate prison Built in 1864 in SW GA House ‘overflow’ POWs began arriving before camp completed 13,000 died Capt. Henry Wirz: commandant, executed for ‘war crimes’

Andersonville Documents Assignment Using the documents, complete the chart on Death at Andersonville. Answer the analysis questions. Be sure to include the document where you found the info. We will discuss this as a class when finished.