Quantum Energy and Photoelectric Effect

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum Energy and Photoelectric Effect Part 2

Particle nature of light Light waves do not explain How light interacts with other material Why certain metals will emit different colors of light Why heated objects emit only light when certain colors shines on them

Quantum effect Iron ↑ heat  ↑ energy Greyish black – room temp Reddish orange – heated Bluish color – strongly heated ↑ heat  ↑ energy different heat = different energy = different light emission

Waves quantized 1900 Max Plank Quantum German physicist Studied the light emitted from hot objects Concluded: matter can gain/lose energy in small, specific amounts Small specific amounts called quanta Quantum def – the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

Plank’s Constant Energy of a quantum = frequency of the emitted radiation Equantum = hv E = energy h = Plank’s constant = 6.626 x 10-34 J·s v = frequency Theory - light emitted in whole numbers of hv 1hv, 2hv, 3hv, . . . Halves do not exist

Planck’s Constant Light with a wavelength of 525 nm is green. Calculate the energy in joules for a green light photon.

Photoelectric effect Wave theory did not explain photoelectric effect Def – the emisson of electrons called photoelectrons from the surface of a metal when a certain frequency of light shines on the surface

Photoelectric effect FYI Types of photoelectric cells - Convert light energy to electrical energy Solar powered calculators very expensive for the cost of production and the energy it saves.

Photoelectric effect Frequency = color of light emitted Each metal has a specific frequency for light to be emitted Example Light with a frequency of 1.14x1015 Hz will not shine off of silver no matter how long it is emitted However light frequency greater than 1.14x1015 will Another physical property of metals

Photoelectric effect Albert Einstein New equation Ephoton = hv Electromagnetic radiation has both wavelike and particle-like properties Therefore – light behaves like waves but also like particles called photons Photon – particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy New equation Ephoton = hv

Problems – Energy of a photon Tiny water drops in the air disperse the white light of the sun into a rainbow. What is the energy of a photon from the violet portion of the rainbow if it has a frequency of 7.23x1014s-1?

Energy of a Photon What is the energy of each of the following types of radiation? 6.32 x 1020 s-1 9.50 x 1013 Hz 1.05 x 1016 s-1