Chapter 6 “O Brave New World”

Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas At the beginning of the Age of Exploration, Spain & Portugal were leading expeditions for trade routes to Asia They began arguing over who owned the trade route to Asia They asked the Pope to settle the manner

The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 the Pope made a secret treaty that would divide the world between the Spanish and the Portuguese Spain would have all the land west of an imaginary line running north and south through the Atlantic Portugal would have everything east of that line

https://youtu.be/6pzudWS7kVU

Treaty of Tordesillas Other European rulers were angry when they heard about the treaty England and France ignored the treaty and sent explorers across the North Atlantic to find new territories any way (obviously)

Reflect Why do you think Spain & Portugal (and all Europeans) thought they had the right to divide up the world among themselves? Its that pesky expansionist worldview (ch. 5)

Expansionism -> Imperialism Expansionism turned into Imperialism: not only did they want to expand their world, they wanted power and control over the territories they came across.

From Expansionism to imperialism & its Costs…

Imperialism The extension of power over a territory including its people and resources EX: Britain and France controlled early Canada. They shipped resources such as furs back to the mother country. They also took over the Native People and changed the way they lived. This was imperialism

Imperialisms Pros & Cons Make a chart similar to the one below in your notebook and try to come up with as many Imperial Pros & Cons for Europeans and Indigenous Peoples around the world European Pros Indigenous Pros European Cons Indigenous Cons

The Benefits of Imperialism Increased trade lead to increased wealth – which help the Renaissance humanist ideas thrive and flourish New trade resources from new lands allowed for the development of new food, clothes, inventions, ideas, etc. Creation of whole new countries and communities from exploration & settlement: Canada – Canadiens, Acadians, Metis, etc.

The Cost of Imperialism By 1600 less than 1/10 of the original population of the Americas remained It is estimated that 90 million Indigenous people died during that time Most died of diseases brought by the Europeans (smallpox, influenza, measles) Many Indiginous people in the Americas completely died out EX: Beothuk of Newfoundland

European Attitude Europeans saw themselves as superior to the peoples of the Americas (Ethnocentrism) They needed the resources of the Americas to support the European economy They saw competition for land and resources as necessary for their survival and supremacy This attitude led to the disregard of the rights of the Indigenous and First Nations peoples to their traditional lands