The Five Pillars of ISLAM

First Pillar “There is no God but God and Muhammad is His Prophet.” DECLARATION OF FAITH (Shahada) One rendering is: “There is no God but God and Muhammad is His Prophet.” (To become a Muslim one need only recite the Shahada three times before witnesses.)

First Pillar SAUDI ARABIA FLAG

Second Pillar 2. PRAYER which are perforSalat is the name for the obligatory prayers med Five times a day at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and nightfall.

Second Pillar 5:7 O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles.

Second Pillar Rik’at (prostrations) Bending. A collection of prayers at congregational service, so called because the prayers are accompanied by bending of the body, bowing and prostration.

Rik’at Series of ritual prostrations. Second Pillar Rik’at Series of ritual prostrations.

Series of ritual prostrations. Second Pillar Rik’at Series of ritual prostrations.

(‘Point of Adoration’) Second Pillar ORIENTATION – QIBLA (‘Point of Adoration’) KAABA-MECCA 2:143 And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels.

(‘Point of Adoration’) Second Pillar ORIENTATION – QIBLA (‘Point of Adoration’) KAABA-MECCA 2:143 And We appointed the qiblah which ye formerly observed only that We might know him who followeth the messenger, from him who turneth on his heels.

Second Pillar MIHRAB Every mosque contains a mihrab (prayer niche) which shows the direction of the Kaaba (the qibla) from that place.

Second Pillar 'In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate Praise be to God, the Lord of all the Worlds, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate, the Master of the Day of Judgement; Thee alone do we worship, Thee alone do we ask for help. Guide us unto the straight path, the path of those to whom Thou givest of Thy bounty, not of those who anger Thee, not of those who go astray.' Sura 1:1-7 Recited to begin the obligatory prayer

Second Pillar The noon congregational prayer of Friday afternoon is mandated to be a collective prayer and must be said in a Mosque, and is preceded by a sermon (Khutba). The Imam (prayer leader) is not a priest nor need be the same person every time, but considerations of scholarship and knowledge of the Quran and the religion are exercised in choosing him .

Third Pillar 3. ALMS GIVING (Zakat) Each year a Muslim calculates his or her own zakat individually. For most purposes this involves payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital.

Third Pillar This 2.5% is calculated and given by the individual to the charity of his/her choice. 19:55. He enjoined upon his people worship and almsgiving, and was acceptable in the sight of his Lord. (MP)

Fourth Pillar 4. FASTING FOR ONE MONTH Every year in the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from first light until sundown, abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations. Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are pregnant or nursing are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year.

Fourth Pillar LUNAR CALENDAR Muslims use a lunar calendar to keep track of their days, weeks, months and holy days.

Fourth Pillar The lunar year has 12 months of 29.5 days. 12 x 29.5 = 354 days in a lunar year compared to 365 in a solar year. The seasons move around the year on the lunar calendar. If Christmas were on a lunar calendar it would sometimes take place in the middle of summer!

Origin of Christian Fasting Fourth Pillar Origin of Christian Fasting Some of the [Church] Fathers as early as the Fifth century supported the view that … forty days' fast was of Apostolic institution. For example, St. Leo (d. 461) exhorts his hearers to abstain that they may "fulfill with their fasts the Apostolic institution of the forty days“ – Catholic Encyclopedia

Fifth Pillar 5. PILGRIMAGE (Hajj) The annual pilgrimage to Mecca — the Hajj — is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to perform it. The annual Hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so that Hajj and Ramadan fall sometimes in summer, sometimes in winter).

Fifth Pillar Muslim tradition holds that Hagar, the handmaiden of Sarah, and Ishmael, the son she bore to Abraham, were saved from the agony of thirst in their exile by the waters of the well of Zamzam, which was opened for them by the angel Gabriel. This well, which is still giving water, is outside the Kaaba but within the confines of the Sacred Mosque. … GABRIEL PORTRAYED

-Lippman Islam A Way of Life, 24 Fifth Pillar It is customary for pilgrims to drink from the well and to carry bottles of its water home with them. In Muslim tradition, Hagar and Ishmael remained at the site, and the community of Mecca grew around them. -Lippman Islam A Way of Life, 24 GABRIEL PORTRAYED

Fifth Pillar Pilgrimage: The Hajj

Fifth Pillar This major pilgrimage must be made in the Month of Pilgrimage (Dhu 'l-Hijja) the last month of the Muslim lunar calendar, between the 8th day of the month and the 12th or 13th.

Fifth Pillar At times there are more than one million people participating in the annual Hajj

The Hajj takes place entirely in Mecca and the surrounding area Fifth Pillar The Hajj takes place entirely in Mecca and the surrounding area

The Kaaba is a cube-shaped building about 5 stories high. Mecca Mosque The Kaaba is a cube-shaped building about 5 stories high. Kaaba

1 Pilgrims start with 7 circumambulations of the Kaaba, counter-clockwise.

Next they must run 7 times between As-Safa and Al-Marwah. 2 Next they must run 7 times between As-Safa and Al-Marwah. 2 As-Safa

3rd stage is to travel to Mina where they stay overnight.

4th Stage is on to the Plain of Arafat for all day prayer.

4th Stage is on to the Plain of Arafat for all day prayer. Mt. Of Mercy

Muzdalifah 5 5th Stage – travel from the Plain of Arafat to Muzdalifah to spend the night.

6 Mina 6th Stage – On to Mina to throw stones at the pillars and sacrifice an animal.

6th Stage – On to Mina to throw stones at the pillars and sacrifice an animal. THREE PILLARS

Stoning the Devil

7th Stage – Return to Mecca and complete 7 more circuits of the Kaaba. Mecca Mosque 7 7th Stage – Return to Mecca and complete 7 more circuits of the Kaaba.

7th Stage – Return to Mecca and complete 7 more circuits of the Kaaba.

Fifth Pillar One who has completed the Hajj may thereafter title Hajji/Hajjah

The Five Pillars Are: DECLARATION OF FAITH (Shahada) “There is no God but God and Muhammad is His Prophet.”

The Five Pillars Are: 2. PRAYER DECLAR-ATION PRAYER 2. PRAYER Salat is the name for the obligatory prayers which are performed five times a day: dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and nightfall.

The Five Pillars Are: 3. ALMS GIVING (Zakat) DECLAR-ATION PRAYER ALMS 3. ALMS GIVING (Zakat) Each year a Muslim calculates his or her own zakat individually. For most purposes this involves payment each year of two and a half percent of one's capital.

The Five Pillars Are: 4. FASTING FOR ONE MONTH DECLAR-ATION PRAYER ALMS FASTING 4. FASTING FOR ONE MONTH Every year in the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from first light until sundown, abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations. Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are pregnant or nursing are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year.

The Hajj in the last month of the lunar calendar The Five Pillars Are: 1 2 3 4 5 5. The Pilgrimage (Hajj) The Hajj in the last month of the lunar calendar

A 6th Pillar? 6. Jihad Warring against oneself or warring with others?

Shi’ahs Believe in the 12 Imams ‘ALI 1 7 MUSA KAZIM 2 HASSAN 8 IMAM RIDA HUSAYN 3 9 MUHAMMAD TAQI ‘ALI 4 10 ‘ALI-NAQI ABU-BAKR 5 11 HASAN-I-ASKARI 6 JA’FAR-I-SADIQ 12 MUHAMMAD 12 Imams To the five pillars Shi’ahs add the belief in the 12 Imams.

This program was researched, designed and produced by Dr. Duane K. Troxel of www.digital-transformations.com www.DuanesWorldTravel.com