Content Standard 3 Relate major tissues and organs of the skeletal, circulatory, reproductive, muscular, respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems to their functions

Body Systems

Eligible Content Recognize the skeletal system and describe its functions. Include: Bones Cartilage Joints Recognize that the circulatory system carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, and nutrients throughout the body. The Heart The Arteries The Veins The Capillaries The Blood The Red blood cells The White blood cells The plasma Recognize that the reproductive system allows for production of offspring and the continuation of life. The testes The ovaries The uterus

Eligible Content Recognize that the muscular system supports and enables the body to move, produce heat, and give the body shape. Include: Skeletal muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue Smooth muscle tissue Recognize that he respiratory system provides the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. The lungs The trachea The alveoli The diaphragm muscle The nose

Eligible Content Recognize that the nervous system gathers and interprets information and responds to that information. Include The brain The spinal cord The nerves Recognize that the digestive system breaks down food, either chemically, or physically (mechanically), processes it for use by the body, and excretes waste products. the mouth The esophagus The stomach The small intestine The large intestine

Skeletal System Bones – Protect soft organs Provide support Store minerals Produce blood cells Spongy – makes bones light weight Compact – give bones strength Red Marrow – produces red blood cells

Skeletal System CARTILAGE JOINTS Lacks blood vessels of its own Shock absorber (cushions between bones) Flexible JOINTS Point where two or more bones come together Immoveable and Movable Ligaments – join bone to bone

Circulatory System Delivers oxygen and nutrients Takes away carbon dioxide and other waste Carries White blood cells to fight infection Heart – pumps blood throughout the body Atria – receive blood / Ventricles – pump blood Arteries – carry blood away from the heart and through out the body to cells Generally deliver Oxygen to cells Veins – carry blood from cells to the heart Generally take deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Takes blood from toes to heart etc… Exceptions: Pulmonary arteries – take deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs Pulmonary veins – bring oxygenated blood from lung to heart

Circulatory System Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste, and nutrients throughout the body The capillaries – smallest blood vessels in the body Connect arteries to veins The blood Carries Materials carbon dioxide / oxygen / nutrients / waste Fights infection Two parts Red Cells / White Cells / Platelets ( clot blood) Plasma The red blood cells Contain hemoglobin Carry oxygen to cells The white blood cells Fight infection The plasma – liquid part of blood Provides blood volume The Platelets Assist in the clotting of blood Red Cells plasma White cells Platelets

Reproductive System Allows for the production of offspring and the continuation of life Testes - MALE reproductive organ- makes Sperm – male sex cells (gamete) Ovaries –FEMALE reproductive organ- makes Eggs – female sex cell (gamete) Uterus – Female structure that houses the developing baby (embryo/fetus) Fertilized egg develops in this structure.

Muscular System supports and enables the body to move, produces heat, and gives the body shape. Three types of Muscle Tissue SKELETAL -moves bones Voluntary muscle Tendons – connect muscle to bone CARDIAC - only in the heart Involuntary SMOOTH found in internal organs ex. stomach / intestines / bladder / blood vessels

Stomach

Respiratory System PROVIDES the body with oxygen and REMOVES carbon dioxide from the blood. Lungs- Main organ for respiration Trachea – transports air from mouth to lungs Epiglottis – protects it & assists in preventing choking Alveoli- tiny air sacs – oxygen & carbon dioxide gases are exchanged Diaphragm Muscle- muscle beneath the lungs that aid in respiration by contracting and relaxing assisting the movement of gases into & out of the lungs Nose- part of the respiratory system that filters out inhales particles such as dust.

Nervous System gathers / interprets / transmits information and responds to that information Signals travel on nerves to the spinal cord, which causes a reflex Signals travel on nerves to the spinal cord to the brain for interpretation of the signal The brain – Main organ for thought The spinal cord- is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain. The nerves – conducts information from one part of the body to another. Receive and transmit information

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Breaks down food, chemically, physically, (mechanically), processes it for use by the body, and excretes waste products. The Mouth- Chemical digestion – salivary glands Mechanical digestion – teeth (chewing) The Esophagus- Food tube – takes food from the mouth to the stomach The Stomach – Chemical digestion / HCL The Small intestine- Contains villi – major absorption of nutrients The large intestine – Major absorption of vitamins and Reabsorbing liquid ( water ) Compacts waste

Digestive System