Chapter 5 Lipids: Fats, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lipid Digestion Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2

Structure of Lipoprotein Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3

Lipoproteins in the Body Lipoproteins are transport particles for water-insoluble lipids. Lipoproteins are created by combining water-insoluble lipids, phospholipids and proteins. Lipoproteins help transport triglycerides, cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine and stored lipids from the liver. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4

Transporting Lipids through the Body Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5

Function of Lipids in Body Most lipids in the body are triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. Deposits of adipose tissue help to define body shape, provide stored energy, insulate the body from temperature changes and protect internal organs against physical shock. Lipids in the body are important for lubricated body surfaces, such as the mucous membranes of the eyes. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6

Functions of Lipids in the Body Cholesterol is used to make several hormones, including estrogen and testosterone. PUFAs help to regulate blood pressure and blood clotting. Essential fatty acids are important for growth, skin integrity, fertility and the structure and function of cell membranes. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7

Functions of Lipids in the Body Eicosanoids are made from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Eicosanoids help regulate blood clotting, blood pressure and immune function. Fatty acids and glycerol can be used to produce energy, in the form of ATP. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8

Lipids in Health and Disease: Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency If adequate amounts of essential fatty acids are not consumed, a deficiency can result. Symptoms include: dry, scaly skin, liver abnormalities, poor wound healing, growth failure in infants and impaired hearing and vision. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9

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