What Is History??? History is the story of people’s search to fulfill human needs and wants. World Intro

NEEDS What do Humans need to survive? Water Food Clothing Shelter Mortality rates and lifespan depend upon these things. Search for survival! Water leads people to live near rivers—Nile, Indus, Huang, Jiang,Tigris, Euphrates, ect. FOOD—grown with water, land to cultivate near water source (hunting, animals) CLOTHING—can come from plant of livestock which requires land and water SHELTER—from plant or animal

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Prehistoric Peoples Anthropologists study the remains of the skeletons of hominids Hominids include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures

First Discoveries Anthropologists found evidence of humanlike creatures dating back millions of years 1974 in Ethiopia, a team led by Donald Johanson found the remains of a hominid skeleton The bones belonged to a 3 million year old female hominid Johanson and his team named the skeleton Lucy

The First People From studying bones this what the first humans looked like Powerful jaws, receding chins, low foreheads, and heavy eyebrow ridges Caves Ate seeds, fruit, nuts, and other plants Eventually they hunted, which would include the making of tools, and working cooperatively

The First People As they became successful at hunting they began to migrate in search of food Early people migrated from Africa to Asia A new human species, Homo sapiens, appeared (100,000 to 400,000 years ago)

Neanderthal People In caves in Europe and Southwest Asia, anthropologists have found remains of early Homo sapiens called Neanderthals Lived about 35,000 to 130,000 years ago during the Old Stone Age Wore animal skins as clothing and used fire for warmth and for cooking Their tools were more efficient than the tools of earlier hominids

Neanderthal People Neanderthal people also buried their dead with meat and tools Why??? Scientists think this shows that Neanderthals believed in some form of life after death Like earlier hominids, Neanderthals disappeared No one knows why, perhaps another Ice Age or another group of Homo sapiens grew stronger

Cro-Magnon People About 35,000 years ago, another kind of Homo sapiens, the Cro-Magnons appeared in Europe They made better tools and weapons Spear-throwers made them effective hunters

Cro-Magnon People Scientists studied Cro-Magnons from their artwork Paintings of the animals they hunted have been found on cave walls in Spain and southern France Scientists are not sure why they painted such scenes Tell a story, a textbook for young children, or a creation myth By about 10,000 years ago Cro- Magnons no longer existed

Cro-Magnon Cave Paintings cave art

The Middle Stone Age The Middle Stone Age is also called the Mesolithic Age Widespread use of bow and arrow, fishhooks, fish spears, and harpoons made from bones and antlers People tamed dogs, which were used in hunting smaller animals They hollowed out logs to make canoes so they could fish in deep water and cross rivers

The New Stone Age The New Stone Age is also called the Neolithic Age Technology improved with shaping stone tools by polishing and grinding instead of just chipping Made more specialized tool from a variety of rocks and wood

The New Stone Age Some Neolithic people began settling in permanent villages They practiced domestication, the taming of animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs

The New Stone Age The development of agriculture changed the basic way people lived In prehistoric times people were hunter-gatherers, men went out to hunt animals Women and children gathered plants and fruit for food The knowledge that grains and other plants grew from seeds was a major breakthrough in human progress

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution Over time people learned to raise wheat, barley, rice and millet The invention of the plow and the use of fertilizer marked major steps in the human record The shift from food gathering to food producing It revolutionized human life

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution Between about 9,000 BCE and about 5000 BCE many hunting and gathering settlements throughout the world turned to farming Some grew larger and complex This revolution led to the foundations of Civilizations