Creating a Smart Labs Program I2SL CO Education Day 8-28-18 Otto Van Geet, PE, NREL Tom Smith, ECT – 3Flow

Laboratory Requirements maintenance design for high ventilation effectiveness low pressure drop design safe and efficient labs wind tunnel modeling to optimize exhaust stack height and wind responsive discharge velocity separate ventilation control from thermal control energy recovery facilities ventilation risk assessment VAV exhaust fans safety VAV fume hoods HVAC ASHRAE 110 80 fpm 1 cfm/ft2 occupied sustainability research design 0.66 cfm/ft2 unoccupied

Key Elements of a Smart Lab Approaches to Overcome Barriers Optimized ventilation and exhaust systems Partner with industrial hygiene to determine lowest safe ventilation rate for each lab space and exhaust stack discharge velocity Variable air volume Upgrade constant air volume systems to variable air volume Minimized system fan energy Minimized system pressure drops and set duct static pressure to lowest adequate level Optimized fume hoods Partner with EHS/IH and lab staff to determine fume hood number, size, and containment requirements Continuous commissioning Use building control system and tools to optimize lab mechanical systems operations Energy-efficient lighting Implement energy-efficiency lighting technologies and controls Lab staff is engaged in sustainable practices Provide sustainable best practices to lab staff Consider Demand Based Ventilation Controls Partner with EHS/IH to determine if DBVC would allow reduced ventilation rate, especially for non fume hood driven labs.

Prioritize Laboratories 1 PLAN 2 ASSESS 3 OPTIMIZE 4 MANAGE Build a Smart Labs Team Best Practices Training Resources Other Resources Prioritize Laboratories How to Prioritize Develop a Baseline Determining KPIs Importance of Baseline Other resources ADD arrows

Develop a Laboratory Ventilation Risk Assessment 1 PLAN 2 ASSESS 3 OPTIMIZE 4 MANAGE Develop a Laboratory Ventilation Risk Assessment Control Banding Laboratory Ventilation Risk Assessment Training Resources Other Resources Conduct other Laboratory Assessments and Testing How to Prioritize Develop Improvement Measures Determining KPIs Importance of Baseline Other resources

Develop Engineering Design Specifications 1 PLAN 2 ASSESS 3 OPTIMIZE 4 MANAGE Develop Engineering Design Specifications Guidelines New technology Funding and Bidding Process Design Build Other resources Conduct Testing and Balancing and Commissioning Setup Benchmarking Monitoring Plan

Use Your Laboratory Ventilation Performance Management Plan 1 PLAN 2 ASSESS 3 OPTIMIZE 4 MANAGE Use Your Laboratory Ventilation Performance Management Plan Template Training Resources Other Resources Change Management Templates Ongoing Benchmarking and Other Analysis Surveys and Testing Analytics and controls systems Resilience

NREL Smart Labs Team Facility Manager Design Guidelines Coordinator IH Specialist Mechanical Engineer Analytics Controls Management Facility Manager Researchers Researcher Operations Directors Project Managers Other EHS Specialists Ventilation Risk Assessment Specific Building Projects Design Guidelines Smart Labs Central Team

Ventilation drives both safety and energy use Max Energy Exhaust Supply Average Min

ASHRAE – Classification of Lab Ventilation Design Levels

Protective Capability The level of protective capability is a function of the design attributes, configuration and operation Level of Protective Capability Type of Exposure Control Devices Quality and Quantity of Airflow Sensors, Controls and Monitoring Negligible Extreme Low High Moderate Very High Filtration DCV dP dP Isolation Protective Capability

Exposure Control Device Risk is mitigated by lab design attributes, operating specifications and work practices Airborne Hazard Exposure Risk Spectrum Protection: Exposure Control Device Protection: Lab Design and Operation (ACH) Extreme Glove Box Isolator 12 ACH Very High 10 ACH Fume Hood BSC 8 ACH High Ventilated Enclosure 6 ACH Moderate Risk Level 4 ACH Snorkel Low 2 ACH Canopy Negligible N/A

The Lab Ventilation Design Levels (LVDLs) describe the physical attributes and operating parameters that provide levels of protection LVDL-0 Limited Isolation No Exposure Control Devices No Filtration or Redundancy Low Airflow and Possible Recirculation LVDL-4 Physical isolation and pressure control Fume Hoods and Special ECDs Filtration, Redundancy, Backup Effective Ventilation and High Airflow

The protective capability must exceed the demand for ventilation Design Configuration Operation Demand for Ventilation Airborne Hazards (Risk) Conditioning Utilization ≥ Filtration

A Lab Ventilation Risk Assessment (LVRA) determines the demand for ventilation and the required protective capability of the space Survey Laboratories Assess Exposure Control Devices (ECDs) Assess Lab Environment Categorize Risk Using Control Bands Determine Hazard Emission Scenarios Establish Performance Requirements Derive Recommended Operating Specifications Minimum Fume Hood Flow Minimum Laboratory ACH Exhaust Stack Discharge Requirements We utilize a lab bench top risk assessment to determine the potential for safe AC reductions This risk assessment helps answer the question… It also determines if the lab has the appropriate controls in place to safely use their hazardous materials We utilize 2 IHs to do this, 1 funded by utility savings

Demand Control Ventilation New technologies have been developed for safer more efficient and more sustainable labs Fume Hood upgrades: Better containment Lower flow VAV Valves: More Accurate Better Control Demand Control Ventilation High VEFF Diffusers Better Distribution Lower Flow Occ Greater than 40% reduction

Risk Control Bands are associated with minimum design and operating specifications Ratings, Weightings and RCBs Adjusted per Site Requirements Unocc Set back Recommendations LVRA – Risk Control Bands and Lab Operating Specifications Laboratory Specifications Risk Control Band 1 2 3 4 5 Minimum Effective Occupied ACH N/A 6 8 10 Recirculation of Lab Air Yes Filtered Internal No Lab Pressurization “w.g. Neutral < -0.005 < -0.01 < -0.05 = > -0.05 Room Monitor Review Airlock/Vestibule Enthalpy Wheels Min Effective Unoccupied ACH Emergency Purge Mode

I2SL CO Education Day 8-28-2018 Otto VanGeet, 303-384-7369, otto.vangeet@nrel.gov Mesa 720 kW OTF+ 40 kW Garage 1,156 kW CATS 100 kW S&TF 94 kW RSF A 408 kW RSF B 449 kW Parking524 kW NREL PV Systems ~ 3,500 kW South Table Mesa Campus

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