Warm up 9/8/16 Please be seated and start the warm up Name as many planets as you can in order (closest to the sun). 2. Do you know any acronyms for remembering the order of the planets? 3. What makes life possible on Earth? My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas.

Objective 1.1.1 Explain the Earth’s motion through space, including precession, nutation, the barycenter, and its path about the galaxy

Essential Question: How does the Earth move?

Early Astronomy Astronomy: Study of the universe The Ancient Greeks made many astronomical discoveries.

Varying Models Geocentric (Earth centered): Moon, Sun and the planets orbit the Earth.

Heliocentric Earth, the Moon and the other planets orbit the Sun. We now know that the Heliocentric is the correct model

Solar System

Planets 2 types of planets Terrestrial & Jovian Planets

Terrestrial Planets Terrestrial means “Earth” like Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are all relatively small, rocky planets

Terrestrial Planets

Mercury Closest planet to the sun. Surface looks similar to the surface of Earth’s moon Greatest temperature extremes of any planet (day=427C and night -173C)

Venus Considered Earth’s twin because similar in size, density, mass and location in the solar system. Known for the many volcanoes that cover the surface

Mars Known as the “Red Planet” because it appears red when viewed through a telescope (large amounts of iron) Possible water on Mars??? Some areas on Mars exhibit drainage patterns similar to those created by streams on Earth.

Jovian Planets Jovian literally means “Jupiter” like 4 Outer planets are huge, gas planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

Jovian Planets

Jupiter “Giant Planet” because it’s mass is 2 ½ times greater than all of the other planets combined! Jupiter has 4 moons and is also surrounded by rings made of fragments from meteorite impacts.

Saturn Saturn is known for it’s intricate ring system The rings are composed of ice and rock particles

Uranus The Sideways Planet Does not spin like other planets, but instead rolls on its side as it rotates on its axis.

Neptune The Windy Planet Winds of over 1000mph blow on Neptune (one of windiest places we know about)

Pluto Pluto does not fit well into either category In 2006 the International Astronomical Union decided to call Pluto a “dwarf planet”

Concept Check (Raise your Hand) How many planets are in our solar system? Eight Name the four rocky planets? Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth Name the four gas giants? Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Continue to work on your Vocabulary Words are listed on google classroom If you have completed the list make sure you turn it in and start to look up information on your project! Words are due tomorrow, so if you do not finish in class, finish for homework.

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEXWxNbpTzU As you watch the video, think about how you can add some creativity to your project

Warm up 9/9/2016 According to BBT, there was a ‘big bang’ or explosion that created our universe how many years ago? In order, list the galaxies, solar systems, planets, universe in order from smallest to largest. In order, list the Terrestrial (land) & Jovian (gas) planets of our solar system. 13.7 -14 Billion years ago Planets, solar system, galaxy, universe Mercury, venus, earth, mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Objective 1.1.1 Explain the Earth’s motion through space, including precession, nutation, the barycenter, and its path about the galaxy

How do Kepler’s laws describe Earth’s orbit? Essential Question How does the Earth move? How do Kepler’s laws describe Earth’s orbit?

Kepler’s Laws and Earth’s Orbit

Kepler’s Laws (Introduction) Johannes Kepler, working with data painstakingly collected by Tycho Brahe (from 1576-1601) without the aid of a telescope, developed three laws which described the motion of the planets across the sky.

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1st Law - Law of Ellipses Each planet orbits the Sun in a path called an ellipse or elongated circle Ellipse is a closed curve whose path is determined by 2 points or foci within the ellipse Focus 1 is the Sun and Focus 2 is an imaginary point Semi-major axis = average distance from Sun (AU); ½ major axis 1st Law) Law of Ellipses Each planet orbits the sun in a path called an ellipse or elongated circle Ellipse is a closed curve whose path is determined by 2 points or foci within the ellipse (circle use 1 point or focus ) One focus or point is located within the sun The other focus or point is not within an object The major axis runs through both foci points and the semimajor axis is the planet’s average distance from the sun

Eccentricity Degree of elongation or shape of planet’s orbit Ratio between the foci and length of major axis Circular =0 Very elongated =1 Elliptical orbits can vary in shape and can be described in terms of Eccentricity (e) Eccentricity is the degree of elongation or shape of a planet’s elliptical orbit. It is the ratio of the distance between the foci and the length of the major axis. circular =0 and extremely elongated e=1

2nd Law – Law of Equal Areas An imaginary line between the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the planet travels around the ellipse. Perihelion planet is closest to the sun, Aphelion planet is furthest away from sun

Keplers’ 2nd Law This also means that as the planet comes closer to the Sun in its orbit, it has to travel faster. So, the planets speed is slowest when it is the fartherest from the Sun

3rd Law – Law of Periods Mathematical relationship P2 = a3 a= semi-major axis (planets average distance from Sun measured in AU’s) p= planet’s orbital period (time) Simply means that the further a planet is from the Sun, the longer it takes to orbit around the Sun We can predict the period of rotation if we know the length of the semimajor axis Or we can predict the length of the semimajor axis if we know the period of rotation

Newton Used Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion and published Principia for short. In this publication, considered to be the greatest piece of scientific literature ever written. Contains Newton’s laws of motion including universal gravitation.

Kepler’s Laws Simulations https://youtu.be/P7vc4e8efus

Barycenter and Earth’s Orbit Barycenter is the center of mass between a planet and the Sun. a. The law of universal gravitation states that every pair of bodies in the universe attracts each other with a force .

Concept Check What did Kepler help to explain?

Exit Ticket 1.1.1 (Place on a separate piece of paper to turn in) What does the Solar Nebular Hypothesis explain? What happened approximately14 billion years ago? List the four rocky planets. What are the three types of galaxies? What did Johannes Kepler laws helped to clarify? Cloud of dust and gas that formed stars and planets Universe was created from the big bang theory Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular The laws of planetary motion

Kepler's laws foldable instructions Make a three door foldable. On the front of the flaps write: Kepler's first law, Kepler's second law, Kepler's third law On the inside: on one side draw an image or write a formula to illustrate the law, on the other side write the definition. Make it colorful! When you are done, staple the foldable into your notebook. Have Ms. Bartell check your work for a grade.

Independent Time Start to look up information for your project. Jot down ideas or start to create your planet. http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov/DAP/ Design a planet website IF you need to finish the vocabulary please work on this.