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Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.191 Figure 2 The influence of lifestyle factors on progression of renal disease Figure 2 | The influence of lifestyle factors on progression of renal disease. Lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and hypertension, which are themselves associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction. Further risk factors, such as sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Genetic and environmental factors influence all of these processes. Câmara, N. O. S. et al. (2017) Kidney disease and obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.191