Russian History.

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Presentation transcript:

Russian History

Three Main Periods of Russian History (before Communism!) Kievan Rus (860-1240) Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721) Imperial Period (1721-1917)

Kievan Rus Centered in Western Russia (near Kiev, Ukraine) Converted to Orthodox Christianity by Byzantines Overrun by Golden Horde (Mongols) 13th-15th centuries

Tsardom of Russia/Muscovy (Moscow) First ruler: Ivan IV (the Terrible) 1547-1584 And he didn’t get that name by being a bad leader! Dubs himself “Tsar” (=Caesar) By doing so, claims heritage to Rome and Byzantium Claims Moscow to be “Third Rome” Head of Orthodox Church

Accomplishments of Ivan the Terrible Being terrible Strengthening Russia’s monarchy Reduces influence of landowners and clergy Expands Russian state Turns it into its modern-day multiethnic, multi-religious nation Builds St. Basil’s Cathedral

Territorial Expansion during the Tsardom

Empire of Russia Created by Peter the Great (1682-1725) Took Russia into the Modern Era and Westernized it Moves capital to St. Petersburg (Window to the West) Wanted to make Russia a strong EUROPEAN power

Reforms of Peter the Great Standing Army and Navy Major player in European trade & politics Czar as Absolutists: Full monarchical control—no Parliament or other branch of gov’t, weakened the Church Beard Tax: Most Europeans didn’t wear beards, so Peter encouraged Russians to shave theirs (or pay a tax)

Absolutism to Revolution Industrial Revolution in Russia  Formation of middle class Middle class wants power, but Czar has all power Russian workers only ~5% of population, but voice demands for better treatment It will lead to a REVOLUTION!