Accidents and learning from accidents Group 1 Break-out session 1 Accidents and learning from accidents Group 1

Questions for discussion B1-1 REPORTING: Main Question: What is your legal requirement and trigger for reporting accidental initiations of explosions and pyrotechnics (and fireworks); quantity involved, consequence? How and to whom are they reported; centrally or locally? What proportion of significant incidents go unreported; i.e. reported by others such as the public? Are there differences between the explosives and the pyrotechnics/fireworks industries?   B1-2 INVESTIGATION: Main Question: Who investigates reported explosions; the company, your inspectors, specialists? Is there a legal obligation on companies to investigate their own explosions? Are investigations carried out independently or jointly? How are they carried out; tools, forensic investigation, technical and SMS failures? Do the investigations address underlying as well as the direct causes? B1-3 LESSONS LEARNED: Main Question: What are the most important lessons learned from explosives and pyrotechnics incidents in your country; technical, procedural, SMS and cultural? What are the lessons? How are these lessons shared with others; databases; company reports; safety bulletins – company internal, industry external, regulator; across the EU? How are these bulletins and information used; training, education?

B 1-1 Reporting Main Question: What is your legal requirement and trigger for reporting accidental initiations of explosions and pyrotechnics (and fireworks); quantity involved, consequence? Accidents need to be reported and investigated. Difference in wich authority has to do the investigation, depends on legislation who is primary investigator (company first), how big the incident is other parties will also do the investigation (if big also authorities). Depends on the country/legislation. You can take notes in this section: Germany 100 000 Euro, environmental damage, the company inform, investgation done by independent specialist. Federal oragnizatrin for explosive BAMM Estonia Inform fire brigade bigger events Smaller ones near misses by the inspection itself normal insppection legislation routine. If injuries the police. Cyprus report under law, have to investigat it the company and the competent authorities evealuate the incident accident and if serious they investigate it too. Different competent authorities. Norway we have the Seveso requirements but smaller incidents each company has an olbigation a system of reporting and analyzing incidents and near accidents report what is going to be done to prevent an incident like this. Big incident will be examined by DSB. Drevja report initiated and written by DSB. Belgium all incindents accidents must be reported and investigated. Rhe company must investigate itself on law forl abour safety. If explosive authority investigate. Explosive legislation authorities have to investigate. Netherlands labour inspection has to investigate, reagardin explosive environmewnt company and if big authority. Also independent explosive board can investigate. Police and prosecutors usually ask for expertise in the inspections. Sweden, labour inspection, police... Reporting major accidents to MSB

B1-2 Investigation Main Question: Who investigates reported explosions; the company, your inspectors, specialists? You can take notes in this section:

B1-3 Lessons Learned Main Question: What are the most important lessons learned from explosives and pyrotechnics incidents in your country; technical, procedural, SMS and cultural? Norway, ammonium nitrate that is on fire can caouse major explosion. DSB informed all fire departments. Work has started to change the legislation. Belgium, nitrocellulose in water, was not classified as explosive in this condtion, but has been re-clasifeid due to accident with pump since it is possible to detonate during trransport in water in pipe. Cyprus, military explosion of containers, classified but afterwards have tried to identify wharehouses under military control to reduce risk. Germany, smaller accidents, be attentive at work, do not go on auto pilot. Estonia, laboratory explosion, not allowed on that location, working against permit. Company no longer on market. Be aware that there might be companies that do other activities on other sites even though they do not have permit to do that there. Netherlands, fireworks, even thoúgh it is a low category the impact can be really severe if lots of fireworks on the same location. Is it really a low category/correct label then? You have to check the paperworks. You can take notes in this section: *Estonia 2011, small company, big laboratory explosion, pyrotechnic things used for practice in Military to give special effect. Explosive and pyrothechnic, licencing companies, police made invwestigation did not find cause, building was destroyned, no dead in this case. Company had permint, but not in this location! ...so they ¨were violating the permit. *Norway December 2013, a truck ammonium nitrate 15 tons exploded, blast that never have been seen. What happened that the truck caught fire in front, a truck that is transporting and mixing, it burnt 2 hours. Explosjonen in Drevja. 20 buildings were destroyed. No personal injuries. Evacuated, did not try to extinguish the fire. DSB had the obligation to follow up the incidents. There is a report that is explaining the reasons why it happened. DSB ha informed that be ware of the explosion risk when fire on ammonium nitrate and a work with change of legislation started after that. Shared to other countries, public report. *In North Rein Westfalia in Germany, smaller accidents, routine samed day doing the same things, must train worker to be attentionate to your work. Do more training. *In Cyprus 5, 3 mining, 2 cartridges, all lower tier, no accidents that deal with that, but accident in military facility 2011, approximately 100 containers with explosives uncovered in open air, no report of accident confidential, had a big explosion 13 people killed, severe damages on nearby buildings and the largest power station on the island. Probaly the high temperatures during the summer caused it, the containers were uncovered, not on the juristriction under Cyprus, went on a ship to Syria. The explosives undeclared, got from ship, stored, nobody really knowed what exact explosiver were on the container. Licensing authority did not do any inspection. No changes...everything in the military is very confidential, do not know if something changed. Maybe government should look into that you inspect into your own organization. *In Netherlands they can inspect military. We do not use many explosives. But use some explosives, but not much. Have more firework, there we have trhe incidents, have had 2 major accidents. In 2000, 23 people died, a whole residential area disappeared. In 1991 Culumbor, 2 people died, similar incident, type of fireworks was considered quite light, but if you combine it the amount of energy that is in it is much more destructive as you think. If you stored it i n a bunker it is probably less dangerous than when you store it nearby separated. Not really sure what completely happened. *Belgium 2014 powder plant substance classified, raw material not classified, explosion in part of not explosives 40 kg detonated in a pump raw material transferred in pump, was a problem with vortex in vessel, ate level in pump was increasing. The substance was reclassifieed to possible to detonate in condition of transport.