Ionic Compounds

Review The reactivity of an atom is primarily dependent on the valence shell If the valence shell is full, the atom is non-reactive For example: the noble gases The easier it is to fill the shell, the more reactive the atom will be For example: sodium (1 valence electron) will be more reactive than magnesium (2 valence electrons) because it is easier to give up one electron than two

Review The reactivity of an atom is primarily dependent on the valence shell If the valence shell is full, the atom is non-reactive For example: the noble gases The easier it is to fill the shell, the more reactive the atom will be For example: sodium (1 valence electron) will be more reactive than magnesium (2 valence electrons) because it is easier to give up one electron than two The valence shell can be filled in two ways: By gaining electrons By losing electrons

Review The reactivity of an atom is primarily dependent on the valence shell If the valence shell is full, the atom is non-reactive For example: the noble gases The easier it is to fill the shell, the more reactive the atom will be For example: sodium (1 valence electron) will be more reactive than magnesium (2 valence electrons) because it is easier to give up one electron than two The valence shell can be filled in two ways: By gaining electrons By losing electrons The process of gaining or losing electrons is referred to as ionization Atoms who have lost or gained an electron are called ions Positively charged ions are called cations Negatively charged ions are called anions

Review For example: Sodium One valence electron Easiest way to have a full valence shell is to lose this one electron After losing the electron, sodium will have an ionic charge of 1+ because it has one more proton than electron

Review For example: Fluorine Seven valence electrons Easiest way to fill valence shell is to gain one electron After gaining one electron, fluorine will have an ionic charge of 1-

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine?

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? Fluorine is happy to accept the electron sodium wants to give up

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? Fluorine is happy to accept the electron sodium wants to give up

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? After sodium gives its valence electron to fluorine, sodium will have a positive charge and fluorine will have a negative charge

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? After sodium gives its valence electron to fluorine, sodium will have a positive charge and fluorine will have a negative charge What happens when a positively charged object is near a negatively charged object? 1+ 1-

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? 1+ 1- Attraction

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? The attraction between a negatively charged ion and a positively charged ion is called an ionic bond 1+ 1- Ionic bond

What happens when an atom of sodium is put next to an atom of fluorine? The attraction between a negatively charged ion and a positively charged ion is called an ionic bond When two or more ions are bonded together, we refer to them as an ionic compound 1+ 1- Ionic bond

Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds tend to form lattice structures

Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds tend to form lattice structures Ionic compounds dissolve in water Water molecules have a slight charge which pulls the anions and cations apart

Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds tend to form lattice structures Ionic compounds dissolve in water When dissolved, ionic compounds are good conductors

Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds tend to form lattice structures Ionic compounds dissolve in water When dissolved, ionic compounds are good conductors Recall that electricity is the movement of charged particles

Properties of ionic compounds Ionic compounds tend to form lattice structures Ionic compounds dissolve in water When dissolved, ionic compounds are good conductors Recall that electricity is the movement of charged particles Ions themselves are charged particles