Matter and Material INTRODUCTION Grade 10 Physical Science CHEMISTRY Mrs K Faling

MATTER AND MATERIAL Table of contents Macroscopic properties of matter Phases of matter and the kinetic molecular theory The atom Periodic table Matter is composed of particles MATTER AND MATERIAL Table of contents

Overview and definitions MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTS (THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS) METALS SEMI-METALS NON-METALS HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS COMPOUNDS INORGANIC ORGANIC Overview and definitions

Mixtures: A combination of two or more substances which have not reacted chemically and can be separated by a mechanical/physical process. Homogeneous: A mixture which is the same throughout (uniform) all constituents are in the same phase. Heterogeneous: A mixture which is of variable composition (non-uniform) the components of the solution are not in the same phase. Pure substance: A substance which is not a mixture, such as a pure compound or element. Definitions

Elements: The simplest type of pure substance which cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical means Compounds: A substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in a fixed proportion. Compounds can be broken down into simpler forms by a chemical reaction. Metals: A substance which is normally a shiny solid, a good conductor of heat and electric current. They are malleable and ductile. Some metals have magnetic properties. Metals always form positive ions. Conductors: A substance which has a good ability to move heat through it. A material through which electrons can flow.

Non-metals: Dull substances which do not conduct electricity or heat Non-metals: Dull substances which do not conduct electricity or heat. Non-metals are generally liquids and gases or weak solids. Non-metals always form negative ions. Insulators: A material which allows no or very few electrons to pass through it. The electrons are held very tightly in the atoms. Semi-metals: (Also called metalloids) A class of elements intermediate in properties between metals and non-metals. Examples are boron and silicon.

Matter is everything that has mass and occupies space Three phases: solid, liquid and gas All matter is made up of elements in the periodic table Macroscopic properties: can be experienced by your senses. Example: Strength Thermal properties Electrical properties Magnetic properties Solubility Brittleness, ductility and malleability Tensile strength Melting and Boiling points

Microscopic properties – cannot be experienced by your senses Example: Constituent atoms Types of bonds Intermolecular forces

MIXTURES & PURE SUBSTANCES Elements Compounds Only 1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded Different elements and or compounds cannot be broken down into simpler substance Came be broken down into simpler particles (chemical means) Can be separated mechanically (physical means) Smallest particle – ATOM, diatomic molecule or + ion Smallest particle MOLECULE (covalent) or ION (ionic) Particles according to the composition MIXTURES & PURE SUBSTANCES