What was happening around the world? 1751- Benjamin Franklin “discovers” electricity 1775-1781- American Revolution 1781- Uranus discovered 1789- George Washington inaugurated 1789-1795- French Revolution 1803- The Louisiana Purchase 1804- Napoleon crowns himself Emperor 1806- Elgin Marbles arrive in London 1822- The Rosetta Stone is deciphered

The French Revolution 1789-1799 *As you watch the following video, describe the three causes of the French Revolution. Video from United Streaming…and it is where?

Major Ideas: Overthrow of the French absolute monarchy to establish a republic Results: Years of instability cause the French people to support Napoleon’s quest for an empire Important Events: 1783-1788: Major financial crisis – taxation problem 1789: Members pledged the “Tennis Court Oath” to create a new constitution Paris: The Bastille gets stormed Country Side: Revolt against feudal contracts Assembly releases The Declaration of the Rights of Man and a Constitution is drafted National Convention come to power, abolish the monarchy, and declare France a republic 1793: Louis XVI is executed

Impact on Art Propaganda Definition: The various leaders of the French Government used art to “re-educate” the people. Propaganda Definition: information, ideas, or rumors that help or harm a person, group, or movement. Propaganda Themes: Artists would use scenes from Ancient Greece and Rome to show: Sacrifice you and your family for the greater good Settings would reinforce democratic ideas

Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825 He was a French painter and one of the central figures of Neoclassicism. He had a tumor that impeded his speech 1776- Won the Prix de Rome - Scholarship to fund study of art in Rome His life and subject matter are directly connected to the French Revolution. - He aligned himself with those currently in power - Tended to “trade loyalties” Official painter of the Revolution and Napoleon Powerful Propaganda artist

Jacques-Louis David While watching the video, describe David as a young boy. (Show 0:00-1:45, 6:55-8:45) Do we need this slide? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2noUSCgKrQ&list=PLxLnm_JbzInH8fNMlsMgwVKhn078EUf9R

Characteristics of David’s Work - Showed themes of civic virtues of stoical self-sacrifice, devotion to duty, honesty, and austerity Stark, simple (reaction to Rococo) Emphasized line over color Clarity of your statement is best achieved with drawing linear contours, even lighting, pure colors Saw art as a way to reeducate the people “Reserved” Drama Depicted great men Heroes of Antiquity Political leaders of his time Voted for the beheading of Louis XVI

The Oath of the Horatii, 1784 First commission for Louis XVI (pre-Revolution) Anti-monarchist statement Interpreted as a call for a new moral commitment on the part of the French state https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mawq5PKRB6k Show clip of painting from the Louvre. Highlight little boy’s eyes… what are the French people supposed to learn from this scene? Highlights the hopes of the French Revolution Brothers self-sacrifice for country Showed classical virtues of stoicism, masculinity, patriotism Anti-Monarchy statement

The Oath of the Horatii, 1784

“The Power of Art: David” *Watch and answer the questions in your packet as you go. “The Power of Art: David” (Show 10:00-20:00; 32:00-59:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5U87bSHUxI

Republic to Empire In 1799, Napoleon’s coup d'état overthrows the Directory and he takes control In 1804, Napoleon crowns himself Emperor. Years of instability and bloodshed cause the French people to support Napoleon’s quest for an empire Napoleon hires David to become his personal propaganda artist Now art is used to prove that Napoleon is a great leader

Propaganda Practice Can you explain why this image, “Napoleon in His Study,” is propaganda? Objective: To demonstrate your knowledge of this work and the term “propaganda” Assignment: You will be placed in groups You will be given an image of this piece and an article You must annotate at least four things in the image that are used as symbols of propaganda to support Napoleon as a ruler.

…More Propaganda Practice Clock & Candles Disheveled appearance Uniform, Sword, Campaign Maps Rolled papers- Code Napoleon Books Soldier, Emperor and Administrator Guided symbols slide for collab classes

Exit Slip David was important for the French Revolution as he could create powerful what?   What is meant by David, “trading loyalties?” What stories or themes did David use to promote the revolution? Why was the Death of Marat not seen for 30 years?