[ 6.6 ] National Security

[ 6.6 ] National Security Learning Objectives Summarize the functions, components, and organization of the Defense Department and its military departments. Explain how the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Homeland Security contribute to national security.

[ 6.6 ] National Security Key Terms espionage Terrorism

The Department of Defense How many federal agencies, in addition to the Department of State, are involved with the nation’s foreign affairs? Dozens of them. Thus, the FBI combats terrorism and espionage here and abroad. The Public Health Service works with the United Nations and foreign governments to conquer diseases and meet other health problems in many parts of the world. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provides economic help to foreign countries. The Office of the United States Trade Representative promotes this country’s interests in international trade.

The Department of Defense The Framers and the Military The Secretary of Defense The Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Department of Defense The Department of Defense is America's oldest and largest government agency. Service members, like these Air Force fighter pilots, serve in more than 150 countries around the world.

The Department of Defense Civilian leadership of the military reflects democratic ideals of our nation; officials elected by the people have the ultimate authority. Analyze Charts How does this structure balance power?

Branches of the Military The three military departments—the Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force—are major units and sub-Cabinet departments within the Department of Defense. A civilian secretary, named by the President and directly responsible to the secretary of defense, leads each military department. The nation’s armed forces—the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force—operate within that unified structure.

Branches of the Military The Army The Navy The Air Force

Branches of the Military The Salute to Our Troops parade in Hawaii features representatives of the five active duty services—the Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.

Branches of the Military The percentage of women in the military has increased dramatically since the 1970’s. Analyze Graphs Which branch has seen the greatest increase?

The Director of National Intelligence The Director of National Intelligence(DNI) heads the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, established in 2005. The Office was born out of the pre-9/11 failure of the government’s several intelligence agencies to collect and share information that might have warned of al Qaeda’s coming attacks.

Agencies Controlled by the DNI Balancing Security and Liberty The Director of National Intelligence The Work of the DNI Agencies Controlled by the DNI Balancing Security and Liberty

The Director of National Intelligence The operations center of the National Counterterrorism Center investigates threat reports and coordinates and shares real-time intelligence on terrorism.

The Director of National Intelligence After the attacks by the Al Qaeda Islamist terrorist group, polling data on security and privacy heavily favored security. Analyze Charts How have these preferences changed over the years?

The Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with the awesome and complex task of protecting the United States against terrorism. Terrorism is the use of violence to intimidate a government or a society, usually for political or ideological reasons.

The Work of the Department of Homeland Security A Daunting Task

The Department of Homeland Security The Secret Service, whose responsibilities include operating and maintaining the high-tech, heavily armored limo, is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

The Department of Homeland Security Many federal agencies, including customs, immigration, and border patrol, as well as State troopers and private security organizations, work to protect the Trans-Alaska pipeline from terrorist attack.

Quiz: The Department of Defense Why did Congress create the Defense Department? A. to prevent the abuse of power by military leaders B. to end disagreements among various branches of the military C. to unify the Army and Navy under one Cabinet department D. to clarify the chain of command in the military

Quiz: Branches of the Military Why did the end of the cold war cause a decrease in the size of the armed forces? A. A large military was no longer needed since a major threat to the country had subsided. B. The Department of Homeland Security became the nation's primary defense agency. C. In the agreement ending the Cold War, the United States had pledged to decrease its military. D. Lower taxes led to cuts for all parts of government, including defense.

Quiz: The Director of National Intelligence In what way was the creation of the DNI intended to change America's intelligence capabilities? A. to improve communication between the White House and the intelligence community B. to provide the President with greater access to military resources C. to improve communication among intelligence-gathering organizations D. to increase the budget for intelligence-gathering activities

A. commanding the Army, Navy, and Air Force Quiz: The Department of Homeland Security What is one strategy used by the DHS to safeguard the nation's security? A. commanding the Army, Navy, and Air Force B. offering foreign aid to struggling nations C. coordinating the efforts of all levels of government D. pursuing a policy of deterrence when possible