Strategic Library Technologies Current realities and future possibilities Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Wiley Research APAC Webinar 21 March 2018

Abstract Libraries depend on strategic library management and discovery technologies that power their work behind the scenes and patron-facing services. The industry that creates these strategic library technology products has seen profound changes in recent years through business dynamics such as horizontal and vertical consolidation. Mergers among the slate of companies developing library management systems now approach the limits of consolidation tolerable by the library economy. Beyond this type of consolidation, top-level companies offering a diverse portfolio of products and services to libraries have begun to expand their involvement with these strategic technologies, exploiting synergies possible among content, technology, and services.

Sources, methods, and projects

Library Technology Guides https://librarytechnology.org

Selection and Deselections (Symphony)

Migration Reports

Vendor Personnel Statistics

Integrated Library Systems (aka: Library Management Systems)

Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managed Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical Technology platform Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS Knowledgebases None e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfaces Browser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java, Windows, Mac OS) Procurement models Purchase Purchase, license, license Hosting option Local install, ASP SaaS Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Product examples SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris, Sierra, Koha, Evergreen Sierra, Spydus, SirsiDynix BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo, Koha WorldShare Management Services, Alma, FOLIO Development strategy Brownfield Greenfield

Google cools data center with bathtubs, dishwashers https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/03/20/google_greywater_data_center_cooling/

Integrated (for print) Library System Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Data Stores BIB Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor $$$ Funds Policies

SirsiDynix Symphony Installations

Civica Spydus Installations

Sierra Implementations

Koha Installations Worldwide

Evergreen Installations

Integrated Library Systems Future Possibilities

Extending the ILS An Engine for Engagement Customer Relationship Management More natural discovery and access across digital, electronic, and print media

Library Services Platforms

ILS / ERM: Dual Systems Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` E-resource Procurement License Management Protocols: CORE E-Journal Titles Vendors License Terms

Common approach for ERM Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Budget License Terms Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

New Library Management Model Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources Self-Check / Automated Return ` API Layer Library Services Platform Discovery Service Stock Management Enterprise Resource Planning Smart Cad / Payment systems Learning Management Authentication Service

Ex Libris Alma Installations

WorldShare Management Services

Library Services Platforms “This new generation of products - more appropriately called something like library services platforms rather than integrated library systems - addresses the fundamental changes that libraries have experienced over the course of the last decade or so toward more engagement with electronic and digital content. In their own distinctive ways, these recently announced or delivered systems aim to break free of the models of automation centered mostly on print materials deeply embodied by the incumbent line of integrated library systems.” Breeding, Marshall. (2011). A Cloudy Forecast for Libraries. Computers in Libraries 31 (7), 32-35.

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services Services Services-oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platforms – Functional Manages electronic and print formats of materials Replaces multiple incumbent products Flexible Metadata Management spanning multiple schemas Procurement workflows appropriate for each type of library asset: purchased physical items, licensed resources, demand-driven acquisitions, etc. Knowledgebases Built-in collection analytics Decision support for collection development

Platform characteristics Technical infrastructure to support complex business applications Delivers common services: data stores, messaging, events, workflow engine Agnostic relative to structure of higher-level applications Common UI framework Designed for multitenancy

FOLIO Open source library services platform Designed for multitenancy Microservices architecture Designed for multiple deployments In development

FOLIO Platform

} Monolithic Application: Enterprise SOA Model Scripts/ Third Party Systems User Interfaces API endpoints Web service Presentation Layer Application software Business Logic } Reusable Composable Services Enterprise Service Bus Database Engine Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

Microservices-based Application Scripts/ Third Party Systems User Interfaces API endpoints Presentation Layer / UI Toolkit API Gateway Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Microservice Data Store Web service Run time libraries Application software Service components Persistence / System Layer

Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managed Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical Technology platform Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS Knowledgebases None e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfaces Browser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Procurement models Purchase Purchase, license license Hosting option Local install, ASP SaaS Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, FOLIO Development strategy Brownfield Greenfield

Product Development Timeline https://librarytechnology.org/chron/libraryservicesplatforms.pl/

Library Services Platforms Future Possibilities

Beyond the Library Services Platform University administrators do not care about internal library workflows Technologies and services which enable the library to support areas of strategic interest to the university Research Curriculum

Build new services on the platform Foundation to expand beyond operational infrastructure Technologies for new areas of library involvement Research Data Management Research Services support Showcase research and publications, grant compliance Support of teaching: Reading List for courses Reduce costs to students for materials Copyright management

Library Technology Industry Recent Trends and Events

Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal 2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down, innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating customer 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation 2015: Operationalizing Innovation 2016: Power Plays 2017: Competing visions for Technology, openness, workflows

“Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow” Library System Report 2017 “Competing visions for technology, openness, and workflow” https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2017/05/01/library-systems-report-2017/

Transition in Scholarly Publishers Comparison of Research Search and workflow Tools   Elsevier Digital Science Clarivate Citation database Scopus Dimensions Web of Science Content indexed 69 million publications from 5,000 publishers; 22,800 journals; 150,000 books 89 million publications; 870 million citations 68 million publications; 33,000 journals; 88,000 books Analytics SciVal Plum Analytics PlumX Altmetric InSites Essential Science Indicators Reference Manager Mendeley EndNote Research information management system Pure Symplectic management system for journals ScholarOne Peer review tracking and recognition Publons Research data repository FigShare Institutional article repository bepress Scientific collaborative network SSRN Media monitoring of articles and research Newsflo Collaborative writing and publishing tool Hivebench electronic lab notebook Overleaf Decision support for science funding ÜberResearch Ownership RELX (previously Reed Elsevier. Publicly traded on London Stock Exchange and Amsterdam Stock Exchange) Holtzbrinck Publishing Group Baring Private Equity Asia (previously part of Thompson Reuters)

Industry Trends Future Possibilities

Looking forward Consolidation likely to continue Not necessarily through mergers of direct competitors Ongoing interest in library tech companies by top- level library companies or adjacent industries

Opportunities? New synergies able to enable libraries to operate more efficiently or deliver new services Development capacity able to create technologies not possible by smaller organizations

Concerns? Fewer choices for each product genre Uncomfortable ties between content, workflows, and technology systems Less control in shaping development Will corporate interests align with library values and strategies?

Questions and discussion