Growth of Islam, Spain under Muslims, Trade, Fall of empire

Objectives Explain the movements that emerged within Islam. Describe the reasons why the empire of the caliphs declined.

People Sunni Muslims Shiite Muslims Abbasids Umayyads

Why did islam spread so rapidly? Gave Arab tribes unity, discipline, and dedication necessary to conquer other people Holy mission to spread Islam Those who died in jihad could be sure of a place in Paradise

Split with islam 661 Umayyad family claimed the right to rule Split Muslims into 2 rival camps Sunni --supporters of Umayyads ( Today 90% of Muslims) Shiites--would only accept a direct descendant of the prophet as caliph.

umayyads Ruled from 661-750 Built empire larger than Rome Moved capital to Damascus Arabs still had important positions in the government , army , and society. This caused resentment among non-Arabs

Why is the Battle of Tours important? It halted the Muslim’s advance into France.

In 750 the non-Arabs rebelled against the Umayyads New family in power the Abbasids

Abbasids Wider outlook than the Umayyads They chose their officials from many peoples, not just Arabs Moved the capital to Baghdad

Spain under muslim rule A member of the Umayyad family fled to Spain after their downfall in 750. By 756, he ruled most of what is now Spain and Portugal Farming, industry, and trade flourished in Spain Spanish capital of Cordova had blossomed into a center of the arts and learning.

Expansion of trade Communication became easier when people learned Arabic. Caravans traveled to Ceylon and Malaya by sea. They even started a colony in China. Muslims dominated trade with eastern Asia until the 1400’s. Arab traders brought spices from Asia and sold them to Italian merchants. Through Baghdad passed Chinese porcelain, African gold, and Egyptian grain

Decline of the caliphate Disunity in the Islamic world The Crusades Mongols

Objectives Explain the movements that emerged within Islam. Separated into 2 groups the Sunnis and Shiites Describe the reasons why the empire of the caliphs declined. Disunity, Mongol invasions , the Crusades

People Sunni Muslims Allowed holy people to rule Shiite Muslims Only descendants of Mohammad could be caliph Abbasids Made Baghdad the capital Umayyads Did not allow non-Muslims to hold important jobs