North American Cultures Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on pages 608-615 with your row group.

North American Cultures A ceremony in which a wealthy and high-ranking family offers a feast and gifts to guests potlatch What caused the Ancestral Pueblo to move farther south? Long droughts What area did the people who lived in houses built of cedar planks live in? Northwest Coast

Student Expert North American Cultures 08/19/10 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals. Have the class identify regional geographic features before completing the table. After students have filled in the table, ask them to predict how these factors might have affected Native Americans who lived in the region.

08/19/10 North American Cultures Key Ideas Much of our knowledge of early North American cultures comes from the archaeological evidence they left behind. Native American cultures were shaped by where people lived. There were many diverse native cultures in North America.

Key Terms wigwam—a round home formed by bending 08/19/10 North American Cultures Key Terms wigwam—a round home formed by bending trunks of young trees and tying them together longhouse—a home similar to a wigwam, but rectangular in shape tepee—a portable, cone-shaped home igloo—a domed house made from blocks of snow Students should use the Word Wise feature for Section 2 of Early North and South America in their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Early North American Cultures 08/19/10 North American Cultures Early North American Cultures The first people to settle the Americas came from Asia more than 15,000 years ago. Early peoples of North America did not leave written records. Scientists study artifacts to learn about these early cultures. Review the key term artifact and have students name examples, such as jewelry, pottery, and tools.

The Ancestral Pueblo People 08/19/10 North American Cultures The Ancestral Pueblo People Several groups called the Ancestral Pueblo settled in what became the southwestern United States. Archaeologists also call these people the Anasazi. Long droughts caused the Ancestral Pueblo to move farther south. Review the key term drought. Ask students to draw conclusions about why a drought would cause a culture to move. See the subhead The Ancestral Pueblo for additional information on the culture.

08/19/10 North American Cultures The Mississippians The Mississippians were an early culture that arose in the Mississippi River valley. • Corn was their most important crop. • Cahokia was the largest Mississippian town. • The Mississippians were mound builders. Explain that the Mississippians and the Ancestral Pueblo cultures both reached a peak between 1000 and 1300. See the subhead The Mississippians and the Enrichment worksheet Cahokia, Seat of Power, for a more complete description of this mound building culture. Point out the map Early North Americans and have students locate the two early culture regions. Historians describe later native North American groups according to ten culture areas or regions. These are described in this section and are shown on the Closer Look map.

North American Cultures The Eastern Woodlands Cultures Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on web pages with your row group.

Student Expert North American Cultures 08/19/10 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals. Have the class identify regional geographic features before completing the table. After students have filled in the table, ask them to predict how these factors might have affected Native Americans who lived in the region.

The Eastern Woodlands Cultures 08/19/10 North American Cultures The Eastern Woodlands Cultures How did the Northeastern Woodlands people acquire their food? How are a wigwam and a longhouse similar? How are they different? Which Mississippian traditions did some later Southeastern Woodlands peoples follow? Explain that the Eastern Woodlands people also are referred to as either Northeastern Woodlands or Southeastern Woodlands people, depending on where they lived. As you move through a discussion of the various culture areas, use the map on the Closer Look page to help students identify the location of each. The page also includes images of the types of dwellings— including wigwam and longhouse—that the different culture groups constructed.

08/19/10 North American Cultures The Iroquois The Iroquois have a matrilineal kinship system; descent and inheritance pass through the maternal (the mother’s) lines, and children are considered born into their mother's clan. Their clan mothers, or main women of the leagues, have considerable political power, helping determine chiefs within a warrior culture. Explain that the Eastern Woodlands people also are referred to as either Northeastern Woodlands or Southeastern Woodlands people, depending on where they lived. As you move through a discussion of the various culture areas, use the map on the Closer Look page to help students identify the location of each. The page also includes images of the types of dwellings— including wigwam and longhouse—that the different culture groups constructed.

08/19/10 North American Cultures The Iroquois League The Iroquois League was formed in the 1500s by five native American groups in what is now New York State Created the Constitution of the Five Nations Promoted peace among its members Also known as the Five Nations, as it was composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. Have students visit myworldhistory.com to learn more about the Five Nations.

North American Cultures The Great Plains Groups Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on web pages with your row group.

Student Expert North American Cultures 08/19/10 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals. Have the class identify regional geographic features before completing the table. After students have filled in the table, ask them to predict how these factors might have affected Native Americans who lived in the region.

The Great Plains Groups 08/19/10 North American Cultures The Great Plains Groups When did Great Plains peoples hunt bison? Why did Great Plains warriors perform the Sun Dance? How were Great Plains groups able to communicate with one another? Use the image of the bison in the chapter to discuss why bison were important to Great Plains peoples. Explain that there were many groups living on the Great Plains and that they spoke different languages.

The Cheyenne The Cheyenne were a central plains people who left their settled life and became nomadic after the introduction of the horse to the Americas. They where known as hunters, traders and fierce warriors.

Counting Coup Like many Great Plains tribes the Cheyenne warriors participated in ‘Counting Coup’. This practice was a system of scoring a warrior’s point in battle. Practically any thing in battle could be counted as Coup. But the biggest ways to score where to do things like touching an armed opponent with your hand or a small stick and get away unharmed.

North American Cultures The North and Northwest Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on web pages with your row group.

Student Expert North American Cultures 08/19/10 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals. Have the class identify regional geographic features before completing the table. After students have filled in the table, ask them to predict how these factors might have affected Native Americans who lived in the region.

What are the three culture regions of northern North America? 08/19/10 North American Cultures What are the three culture regions of northern North America? Northern Culture Regions Once students have identified the three regions, have them add details such as location, food eaten, and type of dwelling for each.

Pacific Northwest Natives Northwest Indians live along the Pacific Ocean, from southern Alaska, through coastal British Columbia, and into Washington State. This group is well known for its hand-crafted totem poles. A totem pole in front of a home shows the generations and social rank of that family. "Totem pole detail, Thunderbird Park, Victoria, BC (IMG_6650a)" by Frank Kovalchek (BY) Attribution License

Northwest Natives - Shelter For shelter, they used what was available in their forests - red cedar trees. They built Big- Houses, which were from 20 to 60 feet wide and anywhere from 50 to 150 feet long. There were no windows but a hole in the roof let air in and smoke from cooking fires out.

"Long House" by Michael B. (BY) Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License

Northwest Natives - Food Coastal tribes lived off the ocean. There was no sushi in their diets but plenty of seals, salmon, sea otters and whales. They had a nearly endless supply of fish from the ocean, animals to hunt and fruit from the forest. During the fall, they pulled big salmon in by the thousands - enough to feed families for the entire year. Information from http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1387-american-indians-northwest-bands

North American Cultures The West and Southwest Seat work Students will quietly enter the room, find your seats and discuss your three sticky notes on web pages with your row group.

Student Expert North American Cultures 08/19/10 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals. Have the class identify regional geographic features before completing the table. After students have filled in the table, ask them to predict how these factors might have affected Native Americans who lived in the region.

The West and Southwest Peoples 08/19/10 North American Cultures The West and Southwest Peoples What type of homes did the Pueblos build? How did the Navajo adapt to the introduction of sheep by Europeans? Why was food scarce in the Great Basin? What did some California peoples grind into flour? The questions reflect the diversity of the culture areas in the West and Southwest. Help students identify additional characteristics and culture areas in western North America.

How did these Native American groups adapt to their environment? 08/19/10 North American Cultures How did these Native American groups adapt to their environment? Student workbook page 247 Remind students that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals.