The Geography of Diversity in the United States A.P. Human Geography

Introduction Diversity: Studied Races Hispanic of Latino Origin The state or fact of being different or unlike. Also, the point of difference; variety. Studied Races White Black or African American American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian Hispanic of Latino Origin Things to keep in mind Percent of population Percent change from 1990 – 2000 =

Where are Ethnicities Distributed? Distribution of ethnicities in the United States Hispanics (Latinos) = 15 percent of the U.S. population African Americans = 13 percent of the U.S. population Asian Americans = 4 percent of the U.S. population American Indians = 1 percent of the U.S. population

Denver, CO

White Dominant in the North Slightly less in South Highest concentrations outside major urban areas Suburbanization

Black or African American Highly concentrated in certain regions South East coast More urban but also suburban Minor concentration out west Mid-West Limited portion of the population

Page 212 Forced migration - slavery. Growing tobacco and cotton. Some stayed as sharecroppers, then lost jobs and moved to northern cities pre and post WW1 and WW2 for work. Detroit - auto manufacturing. Shortage of housing in urban areas led to many people moving into the ghettos, and then, into near by neighborhoods.

Page 212 Forced migration - slavery. Growing tobacco and cotton. Some stayed as sharecroppers, then lost jobs and moved to northern cities pre and post WW1 and WW2 for work. Detroit - auto manufacturing. Shortage of housing in urban areas led to many people moving into the ghettos, and then, into near by neighborhoods.

African American Migration out of the South

Black or African American

American Indian or Alaskan Native Little or no concentration east of the Mississippi Settlers Manifest Destiny High concentrations in South Dakota and Arizona Largest concentration in Alaska Inuit Limited migration over time

Called democratic balkanization. Forced migration? Possibly. Where the US government located reservations. Least densely populated areas of the US. President Andrew Jackson, an infamous Indian fighter, in his First Annual Address to Congress in December of 1829 let it be known that he was firmly committed to the removal of the eastern tribes to a region west of the Mississippi River. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 initiated a flood of immigration west. The manifest destiny of the white man further reduced Indian lands west of the Mississippi as one Indian nation after the next ceded land to the US government: Manifest Destiny seemed confirmed as a basic truth and the fate of the Plains Indians was secured with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railway The Plains Indians were forced to submit to reservation life as the buffalo, their means of subsistence, was eradicated largely in part by the railroad industry.

American Indian or Alaskan Native

Asian Not largely represented population in the United States Represented most heavily in California San Jose, CA Large population of East and Southeast Asian migrants Santa Clara Valley

Chain migration. Port of entry into the US. Filipino workers to Hawaii. Califorina labor on farms. Drawn to metropolitian areas. Barred from owning property and clustered into Chinatowns.

Asian

Hispanic or Latino Origin High areas of change Mid-Atlantic States Southern States Northwest States Possible relationship to the increase in poultry plants Chain migration to certain areas Family and friends are happy with the possible job opportunities

Page 210 Chain migration 2/3 are from Mexico Spanish and Mexican explorers established settlements. Movement is to urban areas.

Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? Concentration of ethnicities in U.S. cities 90 percent of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities Remnants of twentieth-century European migration = still evident on the landscape Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown

Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles

Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? African American migration patterns Three major migration patterns Forced migration from Africa (eighteenth century) The triangular slave trade Immigration from the South to northern cities (first half of the twentieth century) Identifiable paths of migration Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (second half of the twentieth century to present) The ghetto

Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? Differentiating ethnicity and race Often confusing Race = traits that are shared genetically Biological features within one racial group are highly variable Biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless Spatial effects of racism “Separate but equal” “White flight” Blockbusting Apartheid in South Africa

Conclusion Magnitude of Diversity Answers questions of immigration/migration Explains History Helps resolve conflicts

Works Cited http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/atlas.html http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/San_Jose%2C_California_-_map.gif http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/diversity http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sonoma.edu/socsci/images/diverse_group.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sonoma.edu/socsci/&h=249&w=250&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=XWnrbw1S8uNKtM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiverse%2Bgroup%2Bof%2Bpeople%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den