Bell Ringer List three things you think you know about Germany

The Rise of Dictators Post World War I Europe

Two Terms Totalitarian Dictator Ruling a country and its people with complete control Tyrant: Tyrannous, Latin term associated with Rex (king) A person who rules a country with absolute control in a cruel and brutal way

Germany Devastated by the Treaty of Versailles Huge economic depression Experienced political revolution

Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 Provisions III. League of Nations Germany loses territory Forced to disarm Forced to pay reparations Forced to accept responsibility for war III. League of Nations 1. Germany not allowed to join until 1926 http://www.history.com/topics/treaty-of-versailles

Economic Depression Inflation Unemployment Prices soared Destroyed the middle class Unemployment 1. 1928: 1,862,000 2. 1932: 6,042,000

Political Upheaval 1918: Kaiser removed New Government 1932 Election Replaced by the Weimar Republic New Government I. Many unwilling to accept new gov., especially in Bavaria 1932 Election Too many parties (28) #9: National Socialist German Worker’s Party

Rise of the Nazi Party I. Started in Bavaria in 1919 II. Did not respect the Weimar Republic Beliefs: 1. Intense Nationalism 2. Social Darwinism 3. anti-Liberalism 4. anti-rationalism 5. anti-Marxism 6. anti-Semitism

National Socialist German Party 1921 Hitler takes over party II. Had thousands of followers by 1923 III. Hitler runs for President in 1932, comes in 2nd

Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 8-9, 1923: Munich Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government Tried to kidnap leader of Bavaria, Gustav von Kahr Approx. 2500 Nazis exchange fire with state police Fails Hitler sent to prison, writes Mein Kempf

Chancellor Named by Chancellor by Pres. Paul von Hindenburg in 1932 Enabling Act: Gave his decrees power they did not have before 1934: von Hindenburg dies, Hitler declares himself president

Why do you think Hitler’s party was able to be successful in the election?

Geheime Staatspolizei The Gestapo

Origin Nazi party’s secret police Branch of the SS Under direct control of Heinrich Himmler Terrorized and murdered anyone who was a “threat” to Nazism The law Had own courts Judge, Jury, Executioner Outside normal judicial system

Purpose Hunt out enemies of the state Jews Communists Jehovah Witnesses Anyone who challenged the Nazis

Tactics/Methods Fear “Protective Custody” Spies Everywhere at once People’s Court Guaranteed death sentence Spies 1. Used nationals to spy on each other in occupied countries

Youth in the Reich

Hitler Youth Nazi Youth League Growth 1. 1922-1945 1923: 1,000+ 1925: 5,000+ 1932: 107,956 1933: 2,300,000

Requirements Boys 14-18 years old 18 year olds join Nazi Party and Storm Troopers

Late 1930s Tried to make all youth 10 and older members Mandatory education in Nazi philosophy (indoctrination) 1939: Largest youth organization in world (7.3 million)

1943-45 Conscripted into military service 1943:12 SS-Panzer Division of Hitlerjugend 1. 1945: 455 soldiers, 1 tank surrender to Amer. 7th Army

Swing Kids Swing Jugend

Counter Culture Youth anti-Nazi movement 14-18 year olds 1. Would rather dance than join Hitler Youth Berlin and Hamburg

Offensive? Jazz music offensive to Nazi philosophy Copied British and American youth in dress and style Rented halls and clubs to dance in

Do you think this was a good way to protest Nazi philosophy? http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=swing+jugden&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=275F7E9CDC51F5244A9B275F7E9CDC51F5244A9B

To end class… In your notes: Make a timeline of events in Germany from the end of World War I to Hitler being named Chancellor

Bell Ringer What was the name of Hitler’s secret police?

Bell Ringer What was the official name of Hitler’s political party (not Nazi)?

Italy Came out of World War I in decent shape Looked to re-build the Roman empire Became a colonial power in Mediterranean and Africa

Benito Mussolini Political 1919: Est. Paramilitary Fascist movement Saw himself as modern Caesar 1921: Prime Minister 1926: Dictator II. Military 1. Rifleman in WWI 2. Used force to gain political power 3. 1939: Allied with Germany

What was a similar vision that both Hitler and Mussolini had for their countries?

Italian Colonialism Europe Africa 1 Spanish Civil War (1936-39) 2. Albania (1939) Africa Libya (1922-32) Somalia (1923-27) Ethiopia (1935-36)

Russia Bolshevik Revolution = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Marxism Stalin

Bolshevik Revolution Nov. 1917 Occupy gov. buildings in Petrograd Install new gov. World’s first Marxist state Vladimir Lenin at head Later rename country Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

What was going on in Europe during the time of the Bolshevik Revolution?

Stalin Ruled 1929-53 Domestic Terror Society Revolution 1. Took power after Lenin died Domestic Terror Millions died Executed enemies Sent others to labor camps Society Revolution 1. Changed from farming/peasants to industrial power

To End Class… Write a brief summary of either Mussolini or Stalin in your notes.

Bell Ringer What was the name of Mussolini’s political party?

Bell Ringer What is the term/title given to political leaders like Mussolini and Hitler?

To End Class… To be handed in: Write a minimum of five sentences answering the following: What would you have done if you had to live under the fear of the Gestapo?