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Industrialization and Nationalism Chapter 19 - Introduction

Industrialization and Nationalism Society changed from an economy based on agriculture and hand-crafted goods to an economy based on the use of machines to manufacture goods in factories. Three ideologies emerged during this era – Conservatism, Liberalism and Nationalism. Conflict between workers and employers produced changes that modern workers still benefit from. Nationalism led to drastic changes that still echo in our modern world. Artistic movements of the era reflected the changes in European Society.

NATIONALISM

The Industrial Revolution Chapter 19 – Section 1 Reminder – You have a Vocabulary Quiz on Thursday!!!

The Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in the 1780’s. Why Great Britain? – Several Factors contributed to their status as the first industrialized nation. Expansion of Agriculture led to lower food prices and expendable income for ordinary families. Increase in Population. Wealthy entrepreneurs had capital to invest in new machines and factories. Availability of natural resources: Rivers, Coal and Iron Ore. Great Britain had control over a huge colonial empire to transport goods.

Industry and Change Before Factories, cotton and other cloth were made in a two- step process dominated by rural artisans – Cottage Industry. Spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton. Weavers wove the thread on looms. New Technology allowed for the faster production of cloth. Flying Shuttle: Spinning Jenny: Water-powered Loom Invented by James Hargreaves) (Invented by Edmund Cartwright)

Raw Materials? Raw Cotton was produced primarily in America. Slave owners could produce mass quantities of cotton for a low cost. British colonies also produced cotton, but at a higher price. Eli Whitney – The Cotton Gin Whitney’s invention allowed for quicker cotton production as less labor and time was needed to seed the cotton.

A New Power - Steam Scottish Engineer, James Watt, improved the steam engine to be able to drive machinery. Steam power was then harnessed to spin and weave cotton. Watt’s improved engine was fueled by coal, which was an abundant resource in Britain.

A New Fuel - Coal Rich deposits of coal in Great Britain led to the large-scale mining of natural resources. Coal was used in the puddling process – Purifying Iron – developed by Henry Cort. Refined Iron was used to build new machines and parts for locomotives.

Railroads Railroads were built to expedite the shipping of raw materials and finished goods. Steam-powered engines in Britain traveled on over 6,000 miles of railroad tracks. Railroads led to lower-priced goods for consumers, which led a larger market and more production.

Factories and Urbanization Owners of factories forced laborers to work in shifts on the new machines. A strict system of discipline was developed to increase productivity of the workers. Workers moved to be near the factories which would eventually be built in an urban environment. The rapid growth of cities was accompanied by the development of two new social classes. Industrial Middle-Class – Factory Owners and Investors Industrial Working-Class – Factory Workers and Laborers

Factories and Urbanization From 1750-1850, Europe's population grew from 140 million to 266 million people. Reasons were contributed to declines in wars, death rates, and diseases like the plague and smallpox. Because food supply was abundant people were less likely to get sick.

The Potato Famine – 1840’s A fungus infected the potato crops of Ireland. Almost 1,000,000 Irish died during the famine. Over 1,000,000 left Ireland to seek work in America.

Factories and Urbanization Owners of factories forced laborers to work in shifts on the new machines. A strict system of discipline was developed to increase productivity of the workers. Workers moved to be near the factories which would eventually be built in an urban environment. The rapid growth of cities was accompanied by the development of two new social classes. Industrial Middle-Class – Factory Owners and Investors Industrial Working-Class – Factory Workers and Laborers