protein

hemoglobin

insulin

antibody

How do you think the message gets from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!? Think, Pair, Share Genes that are made of DNA are the instructions for making proteins. DNA is found in the nucleus. BUT! Proteins are made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. How do you think the message gets from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!?

NUCLEUS enzyme U T nucleus genetic nucleus ribosomes messenger nucleus Make an mRNA strand with a “message” from the DNA NUCLEUS genetic nucleus ribosomes messenger nucleus ribosome enzyme mRNA U T nucleus cytoplasm

SINGLE DOUBLE RIBOSE A, U, G, C A, T, G, C

U A G G C U C A A

Transcription Animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat /molgenetics/transcription.swf

You do: Venn Diagram mRNA

Do Now What is the first step in protein synthesis? In your own words, what happens during this step? Transcribe the following DNA strand: ATTCCGAAATC 4. What are some differences between RNA and DNA? Similarities? 5. Where does the first step of protein synthesis take place in the cell?

Tracking Your Data

Soo.. where are we?

ribosome reads amino acid ribosome peptide The ribosome converts the mRNA message into a polypeptide (protein)! Cytoplasm - ribosome mRNA nucleus cytoplasm mRNA protein ribosome reads 3 tRNA amino acid ribosome peptide polypeptide

Remember: codons = 3 bases Example: AGU= GCC=

What is this stop codon?!

What is this start/initiator codon?! Always AUG

Example: - CCC = __________ - CCU = __________ - CCG = __________ 1 1 neutral See for yourself! Example: - CCC = __________ - CCU = __________ - CCG = __________ - CCA = __________ Original DNA: G G G = ______ Mutated DNA: G G A = ______

Translation Animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat /molgenetics/translation.swf

A U C C G A G U U

Do Now Find the complementary DNA strand? TAC-CGT-CCC-ATT 2. Transcribe this DNA strand? 3. After translation, the resulting amino acid chain would be_______________? 3. Explain why there are some amino acids that can be made with multiple codons. 4. Where in the cell does translation take place? 5. What is the role of tRNA?

Sound to Sea 3 spots left! Last day to turn in money is January 11th Deposit $100 Full payment $300 First come, first served Please have all permission slips signed when turning in money

Transcription/Translation Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2ls

Transcription and Translation

What happens next? Proteins can become modified and shipped by the GOLGI!! Remember Unit 3?? Let’s Watch! http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat /cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synt hesis.swf

Do Now 1. What are the steps for DNA replication? 2. Why does DNA replicate? 3. What are the 6 steps of cell division? Which of those steps is considered mitosis? 4. Draw what happens in metaphase. 5. What is the first step of protein synthesis? 6. Transcribe (find the mRNA) and then translate (find the tRNA and the amino acid sequence) the following DNA strand: TACAAGCCCGAGTTAACT

Do Now What is the structure labeled “X”? Use the diagram below to answer questions 1-5 What is the structure labeled “X”? What molecule is labeled “Y”? What molecules are Glycine, Arginine, Leucine? Describe the process that is being shown here. Where does this process take place in the cell? Y

Insertion deletion substitution DNA sequence negative Insertion deletion substitution Pg U4-20

deleted inserted AAA CCT TTG GG AAA CCC ATT TGG G ACA CCC TTT GGG

If you were born in… January or February: #1 March or April: #2 May or June: #3 July or August: #4 September or October: #5 November or December: #6

Let’s Practice!

You Try it Out!

Sickle cell anemia

DNA Mutations Practice