The whole is different than the sum of its parts

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Presentation transcript:

The whole is different than the sum of its parts Gestalt Psychology The whole is different than the sum of its parts

Antecedents of Gestalt Immanuel Kant Conscious experience differs from sensory Ernst Mach Space form vs time form Christian von Ehrenfels Form emerges from sensation Just say “no” to William James Act Psychology It’s important what the mind does, not what’s in it Stumpf

Phenomenology An approach to knowledge based on an unbiased description of immediate experiences as it occurs, not analyzed or reduced to elements.

Physics Fields of force: regions or spaces traversed by lines of force, such as a magnet or electric current. Phi phenomenon: The illusion that two stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another.

Founders of the Gestalt School Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)

Wolfgang Kohler Tenerife Mentality of Apes

Perceptual Constancy A quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experience that does not vary even when the sensory elements change.

Gestalt Principles

Figure/ground

Insight

Field Theory Lewin’s system using the concept of fields of force to explain behavior in term’s of one’s field of social influences. Life Space: All influences acting on a person at any given time Zeigarnik Effect

Criticisms Vague All theory and no empirical data Insight? Poorly defined

Contributions Perception Learning Thinking Motivating