Mutations.

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Presentation transcript:

Mutations

Warm Up 3/28/16 Write the complementary DNA strand to this code: ATC GTT CGA ATC ACC CAG CGC

Normal Sequence Remember, this is an analogy, not a “real” DNA sequence THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT

THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: Normal Sequence: THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: THE BIZ FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Missense substitution Diseases caused by this mutation: Achondroplasia (form of dwarfism)

Normal Sequence THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: THE BIG RAT Example of Nonsense Substitution Diseases caused by this mutation: Muscular dystrophy (progressive weakening of muscles in the body)

THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: Normal Sequence: THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: THB IGF ATC ATA TET HEW ETR AT Example of Deletion of nucleotide (frameshift) Diseases caused by this mutation: Cystic fibrosis

Normal Sequence THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: THE BIG ZFA TCA TAT ETH EWE TRA Insertion (causing frameshift) Diseases caused by mutation: Crohn’s disease

Normal: THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: THE BIG FAT FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Duplication Diseases caused by mutation: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Normal Sequence: THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence: G1: THE BIG FAT CAT CAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT G2: THE BIG FAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Expanding mutation (tandem repeats) Diseases caused by mutations: Huntington’s disease: This is a mutation that does not begin to show symptoms until adulthood. Brain cells will waste away.

Causes of mutations: Sometimes they just happen Mutagens: Environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals damage DNA UVA and UVB radiation can cause malignant melanoma to develop (the deadly form of skin cancer)

Somatic vs Sex Cell mutation Somatic (Body) cell mutation: Example: Skin Cancer. Only the affected skin cells will have mutation Sex Cell mutation: Example: muscular dystrophy Cells mutated during embryo development Each cell in the offspring will have the mutation

Due Today Transcription/translation WS DNA Double Helix (if you didn’t turn it in) Due Thursday: Vocab Quiz: Wednesday Test: Thursday