1 Sculpture Unit Art 3200 This unit consists of wire sculpting, paper mache, foam carving, clay sculpting, and metal embossing. 1 1

2 History of Sculpture Throughout history, monuments in marble, wood and bronze have been fashioned to glorify the divine and the human. Sculpture is different from drawing, painting, and printmaking, in that it occupies 3- dimensional space. Sculpture has mass or volume. 2 2

3 History of Sculpture Sculpture should be viewed from as many angles as possible. Sculpture interacts with its environment. It influences the space around it and is influenced by the space surrounding it. 3 3

4 History of Sculpture Modern sculpture has moved beyond museums and galleries. Artists have moved out into the natural and synthetic environments. 4 4

Elements of Design All art is made up of 4 elements of design: 5 Elements of Design All art is made up of 4 elements of design: Line Form/Shape Colour Texture/pattern In sculpture these elements are different than 2 dimensional art. 5 5

6 Elements of Design In 2D artwork, showing movement relies on the visual suggestion of movement with lines and colours. In 3D artwork, movement and balance are both visual and physical. 6 6

Elements of Design: Line 7 Elements of Design: Line In sculpture, line has 3 dimensions. It moves through and occupies space. Line may be irregular, free flowing, or rigid. Line in space implies movement as the eye, hand, and/or body follows its path. Line may sometimes define or imply a form. 7 7

Elements of Design: Form 8 Elements of Design: Form Form is the 3D equivalent to shape. Form indicates mass, volume, bulk, solidity, and weight. Forms may contain empty space or holes which are called voids or negative space. These are sometimes as important as positive space. 8 8

Elements of Design: Form 9 Elements of Design: Form Form may be made by building up materials which is additive sculpture. Form may also be made by taking away material from a solid form which is subtractive sculpture. 9 9

Elements of Design: Texture 1010 Elements of Design: Texture Sculpture uses 3D materials and surfaces. Texture in sculpture is actual texture instead of implied texture in 2D art. Artists can use materials with specific textural qualities and materials with which they can create texture in their art. 10 10

1111 Types of Sculptures Sculpture: A three-dimensional work of art. Sculptures may be carved, modelled, constructed, or cast. There are different types of sculptures such as assemblage, in the round, and relief. Assemblage: A three-dimensional piece of art made of various materials such as found objects, paper, wood, and textiles. 11 11

1212 Types of Sculptures In the Round: Sculpture which is viewed from all sides and is freestanding. The opposite of relief. Relief: A type of sculpture in which the form projects (or “pops up”) from a background. There are three types of relief: high, low, and sunken. In high relief, the forms stand far out from the background. In low relief (bas-relief), they are shallow. In sunken relief, the image is carved into a flat surface and the highest parts are level with the original surface of the material being carved. 12 12

Assemblage Raoul Hausmann (Austrian, 1886- 1971) 1313 Assemblage Raoul Hausmann (Austrian, 1886- 1971) Mechanical Head [or, The Spirit of Our Time] 13 13

In the Round Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904- 1989) Lobster Telephone 1414 In the Round Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904- 1989) Lobster Telephone 1936 14 14

Relief Greece Little girl with doves 450-440 BCE Parian marble relief 1515 Relief Greece Little girl with doves 450-440 BCE Parian marble relief 15 15

Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures 1616 Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures We'll start this unit by building wire figures in motion. When building your character, think of the following: What happens to my body when I stand or walk? Which arms and legs go forward? How does my body express my mood? What would be a unique action to sculpt? Which techniques will work the best - twisting the wire with my hands or pliers? How do I make my character stand without falling? It's best to build your character from just one piece of wire, since adding separate limbs will make your character flimsy and weak. 16 16

Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures 1717 Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures Project Requirements: Sketchbook Sketch: Pretend that your pencil is one continuous piece of wire. If you were to draw your character in one line, how would it look? Sketch several figures in motion in your sketchbook by using only one line for each. Wire Sculpture: - Sculpture must be made in as few pieces as possible. - Sculpture must have at least 2 legs, 1 head, and 1 torso. - Sculpture must have no moving parts (if you add pieces of wire, make sure they are attached well). - Sculpture must be freestanding. - Sculpture must be creative, unique and cannot be copied (you may use images from books as references). 17 17

Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures 1818 Sculpture Project 1: Wire Animals/Creatures Project will be marked on the following: Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch) Followed Instructions / Included all requirements (sculpture) Effort/Neatness Level of Completion Quality of Sculpture/Techniques Creativity 18 18

Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 1919 Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing For this project we will experiment with making lines and shapes in thin pieces of metal. Then we’ll give emphasis to our designs by adding a layer of black India ink. (You may want to wear an old shirt while using the ink because it can be messy). The main thing to remember when embossing metal is to work from both sides of the metal to make your lines and shapes really stand out. 19 19

Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 2020 Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing Project will be marked on the following: Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch) Followed Instructions (sculpture) Effort/Neatness Level of Completion Quality of Metal Embossing (Carving) Quality of Metal Embossing (Inking) Creativity 20 20

Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 2121 Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 21 21

Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 2222 Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 22 22

Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 2323 Sculpture Project 2: Metal Embossing 23 23

Sculpture Project 3: Foam Carving 2424 Sculpture Project 3: Foam Carving The purpose of this project is to carve a Newfoundland scene depicting different grounds in a 4" x 6" piece of foam.  It is extremely important to show at least three grounds in your piece - the foreground, the middle ground, and the background. Foreground - the area which is closest to the viewer and carved the least. Middle ground - a bit further away and carved a bit deeper. Background - the area which is furthest from the viewer and carved the deepest. 24 24

Here are a few important tips to remember: 2525 Here are a few important tips to remember: 1.  You need to begin with a good, clear sketch that has each ground labeled.  This will help you in your carving stage. 2.  Keep the outlines in your foam light - don't carve over your outlines because some may need to be shallow. 3.  Use delicate carving tools for delicate areas and carve in a short, gentle motion. 4.  Use wide tools for wide areas. 5.  Don't carve too deep or you will make holes in your foam.

Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature 2626 Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature For this project you will create a sculpture in-the-round from clay. Your sculpture will be a fantasy creature (you may invent your own creature). This sculpture will also be a practical because it must also be a type of container (ex: bowl, box, etc.). Your sculpture must also be freestanding. 26 26

Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature 2727 Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature Clay Sculpting Tips: Always score (or scratch up) the back of small pieces that you'd like to add, and score the area on the sculpture where you'd like to add this piece. Put a bit of water in between and really press the two pieces together, smoothing the join with your finger. Try to include many textures in your sculpture - this will create a lot of interest in your piece. 27 27

Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature 2828 Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature 28 28

Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature 2929 Sculpture Project 4: Clay Creature Project will be marked on the following: Followed Instructions (sketchbook sketch) Followed Instructions (sculpture) Effort/Neatness Level of Completion Quality of Clay Modeling and Shaping Quality of Painting Creativity 29 29

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage 3030 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage For this project you will create an assemblage sculpture from found objects. For your sculpture, you will assemble a faerie house from found objects. You will also have to research NL faerie lore (stories). Your sculpture will have be small so that it can be placed along a real faerie path. It must blend in with nature (faeries don’t like to be be seen) and be well constructed. Take your time and focus on the details. Be creative! 30 30

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage 3131 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage Assemblage Sculpture Requirements: You will need to sketch a detailed drawing of your faerie house in the environment will it will be placed. You will also need to choose what type of faerie you will be creating the house for (the type of faerie will determine the style of house you create). For this project you will create an assemblage sculpture from found objects. You must include at least 3 objects from nature. Your sculpture must be freestanding. 31 31

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 3232 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 32 32

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 3333 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 33 33

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 3434 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 34 34

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 3535 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 35 35

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 3636 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House 36 36

Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage 3737 Sculpture Project 5: Faerie House Assemblage Project will be marked on the following: Faerie House Drawing Faerie Research Questions Followed Instructions Effort/Neatness Level of Completion Quality of Assemblage Creativity 37 37

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 3838 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun You will create a larger than life in-the-round sculpture that is based on a visual pun or play on words and is inspired by the Pop Art Movement. Your sculpture will be a visual pun or play on words. For example: butter fly (butter with wings) Objectives: Interpret a phrase or word in 3-D making a visual pun - play on words. Create an armature and construct paper maché sculpture Exhibit craftsmanship in papier maché and painting Learn about Pop Art Movement. 38 38

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 3939 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun Your final product may be: Humorous Allegorical (a symbolic representation, a pictorial device in which objects stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper meaning) Metaphorical (one thing conceived as representing another; a symbol, a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in "a sea of troubles") A visual oxymoron (A pictorial contradiction-a lead balloon, clear as mud) Self-Contradictory A Parody (artistic work that imitates the style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule, intentional mockery) 39 39

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 4040 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun In-the-Round Sculpture Requirements: You will need to sketch a detailed drawing of visual pun sculpture. Minimum is larger than life size and no smaller than 10cm x 10cm x 10cm in any direction. Maximum size is questionable. Added Material - Add something interesting to your piece to make it stand out. You must be able to finish your end product in an accomplished, expressive, and neatly executed manner. Your sculpture must be freestanding. 40 40

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 4141 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun Process: Construct armature with cardboard, wire, wire screening - secure with masking tape. Aluminum foil can be added for details and for smoothing over surface. Apply at least two layers of newspaper paper maché - final layer can be white newsprint to make painting easier. Allow to dry - paint with acrylics and liquid tempera 41 41

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 4242 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 42 42

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 4343 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 43 43

Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun 4444 Sculpture Project 6: Paper Mache Visual Pun Project will be marked on the following: Visual Pun Drawing Visual Pun Questions Followed Instructions Effort/Neatness Level of Completion Quality of Assemblage Creativity 44 44

MARKING SCALE 4 = Excellent 3 = Very Good 2 = Average 1 = Poor 4545 MARKING SCALE 4 = Excellent 3 = Very Good 2 = Average 1 = Poor 0 = Incomplete 45 45