Warm Up – February 13 Grab the Guided Notes from the front table and answer the following questions: Define the following kinds of rule - Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyranny Who fought in the Persian Wars? What two Greek City States led the fight for Greece? Who led Athens during the Second Persian War? What plan did he have to defeat the Persians? What three goals did Pericles have when taking over leadership of Greece? What were the two kinds of plays that Greeks created?

UNIT 3: Greece and Rome The Peloponnesian War and Greek Philosophy

Peloponnesian War As Athens grew in wealth, prestige, and power- other city-states began to view it with hostility Hostility was especially high between Sparta and Athens Sparta declared war on Athens in 431 B.C.

Peloponnesian War Athens – stronger Navy Sparta – stronger Army - Location- inland – could not be attacked by sea During 2nd year of war, a plague killed almost one-third of the population of Athens Two sides sign a truce in 421 BC

Peloponnesian War Truce failed and fighting continued, large amount of Athenians wanted to surrender but a decision was not made and fighting continued 415 BC – Athenians attacked an ally of Sparta – Syracuse Athenians defeated, surrendered in 404 BC Following defeat, Athens had lost its empire, power and wealth

Greek Philosophy Following the war, many Athenians lost confidence in democratic government and began to question their values. People began to seek the truth Philosophers – means “lovers of wisdom”

Philosophers Philosophers based their philosophy on two assumptions: 1. The universe is put together in an orderly way 2. People can understand this order through logic and reason

Greek Philosophers Socrates – wanted people to think about their values and actions Plato – wrote about a perfectly governed society called Utopia

Plato’s Perfect Society – “Utopia” Three groups would exist in Plato’s perfect society: Farmers and Artisans Warriors Ruling Class

Greek Philosophy Aristotle – developed rules of logic Most famous student was Alexander the Great

Warm Up – February 14 Grab the handouts from the front table and answer the following questions on a post it: 1. Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars? What was each of their strengths? Who won? How long did the war last? 2. Who were the three main philosophers in Ancient Greece? 3. Socrates used ___________ to gain knowledge and information, Plato believed in a perfect society called an ___________, and Aristotle used ____________ to question the ways of life 4. Who was Aristotle’s most famous pupil?

Unit 3: Greece and Rome The Fall of Greece and the Rise of Alexander the Great

Peloponnesian War Reading On the same post it as the warm up answer the following questions while reading about the Peloponnesian War: What were the three causes of the Peloponnesian War? Why did other city-states dislike Athens? What was the Peloponnesian League? Which city-state had the better navy? Which city-state had the better army? What was Sparta’s strategy to win the war? What was Athen’s strategy to win the war? What disaster struck Athens? How much of the population died? Who won the Peloponnesian War? How long did the war last? What were some consequences of the war?

Alexander the Great Setting the Stage: Macedonia Located north of Greece, Macedonia had a rough terrain and cold climate People lived in mountain villages instead of city-states Many Macedonians though of themselves as Greeks, however… The Greeks looked down upon them as uncivilized foreigners

Philip II of Macedonia

Philip II Philip II of Macedonia Philip II became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C. at age 23 Trained rugged peasants into a professional army which consisted of: Phalanx (16 x 16 men) Each soldier carried an 18 foot pike Fast moving cavalry (soldiers on horseback) Philip invades Greece, but not to destroy or enslave the Greeks

Philip II Battle of Chaeronea: Athens & Thebes joined forces to fight Philip’s army Philip’s army is too powerful and defeats the Greeks Ends Greek independence; Philip controls Greece Philip next sets out to defeat the mighty Persian Empire but won’t… Philip stabbed to death in 336 B.C. at his daughter’s wedding

Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Background Takes over at age 20 after the death of his father Philip II Taught by Aristotle: learned science, geography & literature Enjoyed Homer’s description of the heroic deeds of Achilles during the Trojan Wars Killed 6,000 Thebans in a rebellion; cruelty frightened Greeks into accepting Alexander as their leader

Alexander the Great How Alexander defeats the Persians Philip wanted to conquer Persia, never had the chance Alexander leads 35,000 troops into Anatolia (Turkey) Met 40,000 Persians at Granicus River, Alexander’s army attacks first and is victorious Darius III responds with army of 50,000-75,000 Macedonians break through weak point, Darius III flees Result: Alexander has control of Anatolia

Alexander the Great Persia: Egypt 332 B.C. Alexander marches into Persian controlled Egypt Welcomed by the Egyptians as a liberator, crowned pharaoh Result: Alexander has control of Egypt

Alexander the Great Persia: Mesopotamia Battle of Gaugamela: 250,000 Persians under Darius III Alexander launched a massive phalanx attack followed by a cavalry charge and the Persian lines crumbled Again Darius III flees in battle Result: Alexander has control of all of the Persian Empire!!

Alexander’s Empire

Alexander the Great Other Conquests Travels east to India- finds out Darius III was murdered Soldiers exhausted- 11 years, 11,000 miles- turn back home

Alexander the Great Alexander dies from illness at age of 32, very young

Alexander the Great Legacy Now what? Empire broken into 3 main territories Would last for centuries

Hellenism Hellenism Hellenistic Culture: blending of Egyptian, Persian, Greek and Indian influences Would forever transform Greece and Asia

Hellenism Alexandria Center for trade 350 ft light house- first ever Library with 250,000 scrolls; learning becomes a commodity

Hellenism Science and Technology Euclid: book The Elements became basis for geometry Archimedes: accurately estimated Pi (3.14) Hero: used steam power

Alexander the Great Result: Through Philip II’s and Alexander’s conquests of the Greeks, Egyptians, & Persians, ideas would spread and cultures would combine in a way that had never been seen before. After Alexander’s death, the Greek Civilization would gradually decline until many of their achievements and ideas would be absorbed into perhaps the greatest example of Hellenism in history: The Roman Empire.

TOD: February 14 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. How did Greeks view Macedonians? Why were Phillip II and the Macedonians able to invade Greece? 2. What was Alexander the Great’s greatest skill? What lands was he able to conquer? 3. What is the legacy of Alexander The Great?