OIE Reference Laboratories transboundary animal disease control The contribution of OIE Reference Laboratories to transboundary animal disease control Gideon Brückner and Keith Hamilton OIE Headquarters, Paris

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) An intergovernmental organisation, founded in 1924 174 Members (In June 2009) Headquarters in Paris, France 5 Regional offices 5 Regional sub offices 52 13 13 29 51 29

Priorities of the IVth Plan (2006-2010) Consolidation of 3 missions from the former Strategic Plan To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation Publishing scientific based standards, especially with reference to the WTO Publishing guidelines for the prevention, control and eradication of animal diseases, including zoonosis; acknowledgement of Members health status 3

Animal diseases are a serious threat Animal health and welfare Public health - zoonoses

Animal diseases are a serious threat Livelihoods Economics: productivity, trade, market access Food security – nutrition (inc. non zoonotic

Vulnerability to animal diseases Rising global population needs food Globalisation Climate change Ecological changes Emerging infectious diseases

Zoonotic potential 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic 75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic 80% of agents having a potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens

Pathogen spread Pathogens are transported around the world faster than the average incubation time of most epizootics There is no place in the world from which we are remote and no one from whom we are disconnected 8

Factors of emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases and zoonosis Dr Lonnie King, CDC, Atlanta 9

The concept of “One World-One Health” (OWOH) A global strategy for preventing and managing risks at the human-animal interface Cooperation is important particularly for predictions, prevention and response

Veterinary services are a global public good poverty alleviation protecting animal health food security protecting public health market access protecting animal welfare food safety

Expertise and capacity underpin the ability to prevent, detect and control important animal diseases, including zoonoses

Global network of OIE expertise OIE Reference Laboratories – expertise in surveillance and control of a named disease OIE Collaborating Centres – expertise in a specific designated sphere of competence e.g. epidemiology, emerging avian diseases, zoonoses, veterinary medicinal products .

Mandate of OIE Ref Laboratories to function as a centre of expertise and standardisation for a designated disease(s) or topics; to store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated disease(s) or topics; to develop new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated disease(s) or topics; to gather, process, analyse and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to their speciality; to place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE.

OIE Ref Laboratories may also contribute to: provision of scientific and technical training for personnel from Member Countries; provision of diagnostic testing facilities to Member Countries: organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE; coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organisations; publication and dissemination of any information in their sphere of competence

Reference Laboratories Collaborating Centres Summary of information on OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres in 2009 Reference Laboratories Collaborating Centres Total Number 187 35 222 Countries 36 20 41 Diseases/ Topics 100 33 133 Experts 161 196

The reality of the transboundary animal disease situation More than 100 of the 174 OIE Members are from developing or in-transition countries More than 70% of OIE listed diseases occur in these countries Most of the most important TAD’s occur in these countries Most of the OIE RL’s or CC’s are not situated in these countries The mandate of OIE RL’s and OIE CC’s thus stretch way beyond their own national borders

Percentage of Laboratories carrying out these activities General activities of OIE Reference Laboratories Percentage of Laboratories carrying out these activities 1 Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease 100% 2 Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents 86% Specific OIE activities 3 International harmonisation/standardisation of methods 68% 4 Preparation and supply of international reference standards 59% 5 Research and development of new procedures 88% 6 Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data 7 Provision of consultant expertise 66% 8 Provision of scientific and technical training 9 Provision of diagnostic testing facilities 52% 10 Organisation of international scientific meetings 37% 11 Participation in international scientific collaborative studies 12 Presentations and publications 83%

Percentage of Collaborating Centres carrying out these activities General activities of OIE Collaborating Centres Percentage of Collaborating Centres carrying out these activities 1 Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques 92% 2 Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety or animal welfare 71% 3 Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE 75% Specific OIE activities 4 Provision of scientific and technical training within to personnel from OIE Member Countries and Territories 79% 5 Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE 46% 6 Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or organisations 7 Publication and dissemination of information

Early detection is essential for rapid response

Transparency of the disease situation OIE Reference Laboratories provide a global disease surveillance network in which we can have confidence

International Standards Surveillance Safe trade in animals and products Diagnostic tests and vaccines Veterinary Services

International Cooperation

Networks Strengthen links within animal health network and with human health networks Share material and information Develop better diagnostics

The OIE - a global partner in the promotion of animal health and food security GF-TADS FAO/OIE Crisis Management Center

OIE Laboratory Twinning - sustainable capacity building

To extend the network of expertise Priority regions and diseases Global geographical coverage of expertise, focused on developing and transition countries Better global disease surveillance Greater access for more countries to high quality diagnostics and expertise for early detection and rapid response

Scope Compliance with OIE International Standards Ultimate aim to become an OIE Reference Laboratory or Collaborating Centre Mutually beneficial and collaborative research opportunities

Twinning projects active and underway Italy - Russia; avian influenza and Newcastle disease USA - Brazil; avian influenza and Newcastle disease Germany - Egypt; avian influenza and Newcastle disease Italy - Cuba; avian influenza and Newcastle disease UK - South Africa; avian influenza and Newcastle disease UK - Botswana; avian influenza and Newcastle disease UK - China; CSF and rabies Italy - Eritrea; brucellosis UK - Turkey; brucellosis Italy - Cuba; epidemiology Italy - Botswana; CBPP UK - Morocco; bluetongue and African horse sickness Germany - Turkey; rabies

Future One world one health New challenges Extending global network of expertise Technological revolution Public private partnerships

No biosecurity measures, No food safety / food security, Without the support of OIE Reference Laboratories in the control and diagnosis of transboundary diseases… No early detection, No rapid response, No biosecurity measures, No food safety / food security, No reliability of export certification No scientific basis for international animal health standards

12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int Organisation mondiale de la santé animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France - www.oie.int – oie@oie.int