The Origin of the Universe Introduction to Astronomy Mr. Cloud

Theory How does the view of a theory differ between scientists and the public? A theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments and evaluated by the peer review process. A theory simplifies and clarifies our understanding of the natural world because it demonstrates relationships between classes of data. Theories are the solid ground of science, the explanations of which we are most sure.

The Big Bang Theory The theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that exploded and began expanding in all directions

Evidence for the Big Bang 1. Cosmic Background Radiation 2. The Doppler Effect 3. Gravitational Waves (2014)

1. Cosmic Background Radiation Energy created by the big bang explosion expanded along with the matter, thus there should be radiation in all parts of the universe mixed with energy given off by stars at later times Scientists have discovered long wavelength (microwave) radiation that appear to be coming from all directions of the universe! The background radiation is evidence that supports the Big Bang.

Cosmic Background Radiation

Gravitational Waves Gravitational waves are ripples in space-time through the observable universe. Scientists have recently detected gravitational waves. These gravitational waves are evidence of a ancient disturbance 13.8 Billion years ago. Gravitational waves from inflation generate a faint but distinctive twisting pattern in the polarization of the CMB, known as a "curl" or B-mode pattern.