Ancient India Review

6.23 Locate and describe the Himalayas and the major river systems, including Indus and Ganges and evaluate the importance of each. What is located at number 2? What is located at number 5? What is significant about the Indus River? What is the importance of the Ganges river to the history of India?

6.24 Analyze the impact of the Aryan invasions. 6.25 Explain how the major beliefs and practices of Brahmanism in India evolved into early Hinduism. What were the effects of the Aryan Invasion? What influences did the Aryans have on the Harappan civilization? What are the possible causes that brought an end to the Harappan civilization? All o f the answers to the above question in on the study guide

Harappa(Indus River Civilization) Aryan(Came from Central Asia Advanced civilization, cities on Indus River Nomadic warrior group Religion Local religious traditions New religion -Brahminism -Beginnings of Hinduism/“proto”Hiniduism -Sacred Language Sanskrit -Developed the Vedas or Vedic Texts Social  Advanced technology/standardized/City planning Introduced the Caste System -New technologies -Better farming tools, increased food production -better weapons & warfare Government Central authority/one leader -tribal councils with a chief, small kingdoms -Increased trade      -Introduced barter End-Trade with Mesopotamia collapsed -no army unable to protect themselves when invaded -Indus River changed course causing salt on soil unable to farm Possible Aryan invasion of Indus then the Ganges and further into India

6.25 Explain how the major beliefs and practices of Brahmanism in India evolved into early Hinduism. What is Brahmanism? Religion that was developed by the Aryans, which used the sacred language of Sanskrit to develop the Vedic texts. What is reincarnation? Vocabulary word What are the sacred writings in the Hindu religion? Vedas, Upanishads

Who is this god and how is this god important to Hinduism? Brahma, the four headed god. Hinduism is a monotheistic religion. What is moksha-When a person reaches liberation by recognizing everything is an illusion

6.26 Outline the social structure of the caste system and explain its effect on everyday life in Indian society. What is the outline of the castes from top to bottom? See handout # 4 What is the caste system? Vocabulary word What level of the caste system cannot own land, is typically employed by higher castes, and is the most populous? Sudras

What caste is displayed in the picture? Handout # 4 Based on what you know from the caste system, Which varna is considered “unclean”? Study guide

6.27 Write a narrative text describing how Siddhartha Gautama’s (Buddha) life experiences influenced his moral teachings and how those teachings became a new religion that spread throughout India and Central Asia as a new religion. Describe Siddhartha Guatama’s life. He grew up a sheltered prince who went on a journey to understand suffering and reached enlightenment while meditating. What was the purpose of Siddhartha Guatama’s life journey and the eightfold path? To relieve suffering, which resulted in the Eightfold Path that lead to happiness and peace How did buddhism grow? On the study guide

6.28 Describe the growth of the Maurya Empire and the politica land moral achievements of the Emperor Asoka. What was Chandra Gupta’s primary influences? He was the founder or the Maurya Empire. He gave up his throne to his grandson. Who was Asoka and what did he convert to? Chandra Gupta’s grandson. He converted to Buddhism. What were Asoka’s main achievements? He built road, wells, and rest houses for the people of his empire.

6.29 Identify the important aesthetic and intellectual traditions,including: • Sanskrit literature, including the Bhagavad-Gita Gita, Ramayana, and the Mahabharata • medicine • metallurgy • mathematics, including Hindu-Arabic numerals and the zero What is the outcome of the Hindu-Arabic numerals? The system included 1-9 and 0, which was simpler to write than other systems. What are four achievements of the ancient Indians? On the study guide and listed above. Included under medicine is yoga-One of the most important medical achievements. Best medical science for exercising one’s mid and body.

Which Sanskrit literature is this excerpt from? The Ramayana

What sanskrit literature is the above excerpt from What sanskrit literature is the above excerpt from? Battle between two families. The Bhagvad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita Hindu scripture made up of verses Written in sanskrit Describes the main beliefs of hinduism Battle scene

What sanskrit literature is displayed through the picture above What sanskrit literature is displayed through the picture above? Mahabharata-journey of a family to seek moksha.