1914-1918: The World at War

Its Been Called… “The Family Feud” “The War to End All Wars” “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

Europe in 1914

Causes of the War

Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination I. Five Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 1. Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Strongly promoting the development of armed forces within a nation. Best Army in Europe pre WWI = Germany Best Navy in Europe pre WWI = England

2. Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

The Triple Entente (Allies) The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) France, Russia, Great Britain The Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria – Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Victor Emmanuel II [It] The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha [Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

3. Nationalism

Extreme Pride in one’s nation and culture. “our way is the right way” Multiple countries in Europe felt this way

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

4. Imperialism

extension of a nation's territory beyond its borders through the establishment of colonies. More competition

Assassination

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

The Spark Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard Heir to the throne in Austria – Hungary Shot by Gavrillo Princip Part of radical group in Serbia Serbia had an alliance with Russia Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia They want revenge Eventually things spiral out of control due to the Alliance System

Who’s To Blame?