Nationalism & ultranationalism Related Issue II: To what extent should national interests be pursued? Chapter Issue: In times of conflict, to what extent are nationalism and ultranationalism expressions of the pursuit of national interests? (20-1) How can nationalism lead to ultranationalism? (20-2)

“I dread our own power and our own ambitions; I dread our being too much dreaded . . . We may say that we shall not abuse this astonishing and hitherto unheard- of-power. But every sooner or later, this state of things must produce a combination against us which may end in our ruin.” -- Edmund Burke Based on this quotation, what cautions does Burke have about Britain’s pursuit of national interests? What possible consequence is he predicting for Britain?

Ultranationalism vs Nationalism An extreme form of nationalism Often involve extreme patriotism Causes conflicts and interferes with co-operation between nations When the interests of a nation begin to interfere with other nations, these actions may lead to ultranationalism

Nationalism in Canada during WWI and WWII How did nationalism influence the pursuit of Canadian national interests during WWI and WWII?

Conscription crises - Canada Compulsory enlistment for state service (i.e.. military) Military Service Act, 1917 Robert Borden Why was he adamant about committing Canada to sending a large number of soldiers to war? Why did conscription act as a divisive force rather than a unifying one in this time of war? If you had been eligible for conscription in 1917, how would you have responded? Should the national interest become the interest of all citizens during a time of crisis? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb3RTfvPwp0 Second Conscription Crisis Mackenzie King History repeated itself https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9XSQz07NnQ

Internment during the World wars Ukrainian Internment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAX5NgEe7ro VOICES: WWI Internment in Canada (p. 174 Japanese Internment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdFPX5Oy4A0 Joy Kogawa’s Obasan To what extent/How was the use of internment by the Canadian government during WWI and WWII based on similar pursuits of national interest? To what extent/How was internment in both wars a result of nationalism or ultranationalism?

Development of Ultranationalism in Germany How did ultranationalism develop in Germany as an extension or expression of national interests?

How does Ultranationalism Develop? A social or economic crisis Causes people to focus on their own needs and national interests A charismatic, powerful leader National symbols and myths that promote feelings of superiority

The Treaty of Versailles, The Great Depression and onwards Countries in Crisis In October of 1929, the price of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange dropped. The result of this stock market crash had dramatic effects on the American economy and on the rest of the world. Charismatic Leaders During the 1920’s and 1930’s, ultranationalist dictators emerged in the Soviet Union (Stalin), Italy (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler), Spain (Franco) and Japan (Hirohito). These leaders were CHARISMATIC. They inspired enthusiasm and devotion in their followers - and FEAR in people who questioned their leadership or policies. They used deadly force to put down opposition.

The Treaty of Versailles, The Great Depression and onwards Instilling Ultranationlistic Values The dictatorships in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan promoted extreme nationalist values Domestic and foreign policies promoted these values Strong military and police forces were built to protect them Education was used to instil these values in children Culture and art were also used to serve the ultranationalists’ goals and DROWN OUT opposing voices.

Expansionism & Appeasement Define expansionism After the Depression, Germany, Italy, and Japan pursued policies of expansionism to build and gain resources and markets They fostered extremely nationalistic policies, and convinced their respective citizens that it was their RIGHT to take territory from ‘lesser’ nations These actions are what set the stage for WWII Appeasement: A Response to Ultranationalism Adolf Hitler breaks Treaty conditions Great Britain and France were dealing with the Depression Who represented Czechoslovakia's interests at the Munich Conference? Were the national interests of Czechoslovakia taken into consideration by the political leaders at Munich? After the Sudentenland was given to Germany, Adolf Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. Hitler then invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, which marked the beginning of WWII, as Britain and France declared war on Germany for this invasion. What national interests motivated these actions by each of the nations involved? Expansionism & Appeasement

The Rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party What role did nationalism play in Hitler’s rise to power? How did ultranationalism develop in Germany as an extension or expression of national interests? Political indecisiveness by Britain and France caused them to follow a policy of appeasement The annexation of the Sudetenland Occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia, 1939 Laying eyes on Poland Hitler was too quick for Britain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDjG_DiVzdE

#dontnormalizehate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBsImjKVof4

Review Questions 20-1: Chapters 8 20-2 Chapter 6 Voices Explore the Issues #1-3, p. 177 #1, 3, p. 182 #1-2, p. 187 Taking Turns p. 137 Recall…Reflect…Respond #1-2, p. 140 Think…Participate…Research…Communicate, p. 150 #1, 2, 3a, 4