SB3C. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. Early vs. Modern Classification (17.1) State Standard SB3C. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Classification Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.

Lasted for many years,even though it had major flaws. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Early Classification - Aristotle More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. Lasted for many years,even though it had major flaws. Aristotle classified organisms as either animals or plants & believed they couldn’t change

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Early Classification – Aristotle cont’d Animals were classified according to the presence or absence of “red blood.” Animals were further grouped according to their habitats and morphology (physical characteristics). Plants were classified by average size and structure as trees, shrubs, or herbs.

Early Taxonomy - Linnaeus “Father of Taxonomy” Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Early Taxonomy - Linnaeus “Father of Taxonomy” 18th century Swedish naturalist Broadened Aristotle’s method into a scientific system. Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus’s system of naming organisms, binomial nomenclature, is still used today.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Early Taxonomy – Linnaeus cont’d Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy. Perching bird Bird of prey Wading bird

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts. The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Binomial Nomenclature cont’d Biologists use scientific names for species because common names vary in their use, according to languages & dialects. Ursus americanus American black bear

Rules of Binomial Nomenclature Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Rules of Binomial Nomenclature Capitalize the first letter of the genus, but the rest of the genus as well as the species are lowercase. In printed text, the name should be italicized. When handwriting, both parts of the name should be underlined. After the stating the name once completely, the genus name will be abbreviated to the first letter in later appearances (e.g., C. cardinalis).

Each category is contained within another, and they Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Taxonomic Categories The taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a nested-hierarchal system. Each category is contained within another, and they are arranged from broadest to most specific.

Taxonomic Categories cont’d Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 The History of Classification Taxonomic Categories cont’d A genus contains related species. A family contains related genera. An order contains related families. A class contains related orders. A phylum or contains related classes. A kingdom contains related phyla. The domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms.

What is the term for a named group of organisms? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Chapter Diagnostic Questions What is the term for a named group of organisms? genus family phylum taxon A B C D CDQ 2

Which was the first formal system of Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 Formative Questions Which was the first formal system of organizing organisms according to a set of criteria? classification nomenclature systematics taxonomy A B C D FQ 1

Which of these is the highest level of classification? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.1 Formative Questions Which of these is the highest level of classification? class family order phylum A B C D FQ 3

Which pair of organisms is more closely related? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Standardized Test Practice Which pair of organisms is more closely related? Quercus alba Cornus alba Quercus rubra A B C 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 STP 2