The Association Between Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence  Hashem B. El–Serag, Howard Hampel, Fariba Javadi  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 369-380 (March 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007 Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Unadjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the association between diabetes and HCC in 13 case-control studies. *Population-based control groups, **hospital-based control groups. , weighted average of all studies. Black boxes indicate point estimates for ORs. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006 4, 369-380DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Unadjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs for the association between diabetes and HCC in 12 cohort studies. , weighted average of all studies. Black boxes indicate the point estimates for risk ratios. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006 4, 369-380DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Pooled risk estimates and 95% CIs of studies grouped according to study design, geographic location, and control group selection. df, degrees of freedom. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006 4, 369-380DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A funnel plot showing the relationship between the precision of risk estimates (a function of sample size) on the y-axis, and the log of risk estimates on the x-axis. Each circle (○) represents 1 study. The distribution is relatively symmetric, indicating the absence of publication bias. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2006 4, 369-380DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions