Kinetic Theory of Molecules Matter Kinetic Theory of Molecules

Engage – Dry Ice Write down what you observed about the dry ice? What happen? How do you explain what in occurring?

Explore- Investigate Station 1: Molecules in Motion A. Procedure 1. With the help of your partners, use droppers to carefully place 1 drop of yellow and 1 drop of blue food coloring into the hot and cold water at the same time.  2. Allow the colors to mix on their own as you watch them for a couple of minutes. B. Observation Questions: 1. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the cold water. 2. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the hot water. 3. What does the speed of the mixing colors tell you about the speed of the molecules in hot and cold water? 4. There were several variables in this experiment: • Amount of water in each cup • Type of cup used • Number of drops of food coloring • When the coloring was added to the water Pick one of these variables and explain why you made sure it was kept the same in the two cups.

Explore- Investigate Station 2: Molecular Attraction A. Procedure 1. Rinse a penny in tap water and dry completely. 2. Place the penny on paper towel. 3. Use an eye dropper to place drops of WATER on the penny (one at a time) until ANY amount of water runs over the edge of the penny. 4. Record the number of drops for that trial in the table. B. Observation Questions: 1. Explain your results from both parts of the experiment in terms of cohesion and surface tension. 2. How do your results compare to the other groups in your class? Provide at least 2 possible reasons for any similarities and differences you identified.

Explore- Investigate Station 3: Moving Molecules in a Solid A. Procedure 1. Hold the ball in one hand and the ring in the other. 2. Show students how the ball fits through the ring. 3. Place the metal ball in the flame of a Bunsen burner for about 1–2 minutes 4. Try to push the ball through the metal ring again. B. Observation Questions: 1. How is the motion of the atoms in solid metal different from the motion of the molecules in liquid water? 2. What is it about atoms and molecules in liquids and solids that keep them close to one another even though they are moving?

Explore- Investigate Station 4: Volume Changes Demo A. Procedure 1. Place the assembled test tube apparatus a beaker of warm water. Observe the colored water plug. 2. Place the test tube apparatus in a beaker of ice water. Observe the colored water plug. B. Observation Questions 1. What effect did the heat energy from the warm water have on the volume of air? 2. What happened to the pressure on each wall of the test tube as you heated up the air?

Explain- Analysis of Kinetic Theory 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, ions, or molecules). 2. These small particles are in constant motion. 3. All collisions between particles are perfectly elastic which means that there is no change in total kinetic energy. Using the questions at each station and the above theory, describe what is occurring on a molecular level in each state of matter. Describe what is happening to the particles of the substances you observed in the lab activities

Evaluate- Foldable Procedure: 1. Students chose colored or white paper 2. Hold lengthwise (hot dog) then cut only one side of the paper to make flaps 3. Label the outside flap as follows: solid, liquid, and gas. Draw a representative picture or image on the outside of each flap. 4. Open the flap and list at least 5 characteristics such as for a solid; shape, slow moving particles, close together, strong molecular attraction 5. Repeat with the liquid and gas door comparing with solid 6. Draw 4 dots : at the edge and at the bottom of each cut 7. Draw the arrows indicating the process involved as temperature and KE increases.

Evaluate - Questions How will you describe a solid substance? Give some examples. How will you describe a liquid substance? Give some examples. How will you compare a solid to a liquid? How will you describe a gaseous substance? Give some examples? How will you compare solids to liquids and gases?

Quiz- Fill in the table Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas Shape Structure Compressibility Molecular attraction Volume