Unit 3 Heat & Temperature Shiny, beveled text with reflection (Basic) To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing. In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16. Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words. Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt. Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 78%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 92%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17. Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

Unit 3 Topic 1-Using Heat Shiny, beveled text with reflection (Basic) To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing. In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16. Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words. Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt. Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 78%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 92%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17. Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

Using Heat For Energy Since the beginning of time we have used fire for a variety of things… Cooking Protection Construction Heating The list goes on …

Using Heat For Energy How do you think our school is heated? How is your home heated? How do you cook your foods at home?

Using Heat For Energy The beautiful part about our world is that it is constantly changing and technologies are improving Everything is being upgraded and improved for better efficiency and smaller ecological footprints

Topic 2-Measuring Temperature Unit 3 Topic 2-Measuring Temperature Shiny, beveled text with reflection (Basic) To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing. In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16. Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words. Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane: Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt. Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt. Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left). To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear. Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 78%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 92%. Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17. Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%. Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

Measuring Temperature What is temperature? A number that tells you how hot or cold something is While this is the practical everyday definition science looks at temperature differently What about estimating temperature? What do we do, often without thinking to estimate the temperature of something?

Thermometers What is thermometer? Mechanical or electrical devices used to measure temperature accurately The first thermometer was invented around 1600 by Galileo who was an Italian scientist The design was then improved about 100 years later by making it more portable and using different liquids What are these thermometers missing?

Thermometers What is thermometer? Mechanical or electrical devices used to measure temperature accurately The first thermometer was invented around 1600 by Galileo who was an Italian scientist The design was then improved about 100 years later by making it more portable and using different liquids What are these thermometers missing?

Measuring Temperature If you said “scales/numbers” you are a genius! The other thermometers gave general ideas but as we grew as a population and society and technologies improved we needed more accuracy! We needed a standard unit of measure Enter Anders Celsius! I wonder if this will catch on?! The Original Duckface!

Measuring Temperature The Celsius Scale is almost universal … *Cough* America *Cough* So how did he come up with this scale? He used what was around him and made some observations about it What was that? Water! So what do you think he did?

Measuring Temperature

Measuring Temperature As smart as that was we need to remember one important thing about water … It is picky! Changes in pressure and purity will effect water’s boiling and freezing point In Alberta are we above or below sea level? Right, above sea level How does this affect how we boil water? Water in Alberta actually boils several degrees less than 100oC!

Measuring Temperature So what this caused scientists to do was go… …we call it the Kelvin scale! Shotgun! Ah you know I have been dubbed Lord Kelvin even though my name is William Thomson! Has anyone ever froze something to that recorded temperature? Well I am proud of it. Alright back to work here… That’s right, as scientists we need to know the absolute coldest temperature! I agree, my feet are now in the past and this is present! What? Ahhh!! Also the scale looks like this! Also, because Lord Kelvin says so! Also, we are calling the unit of measure Kelvins! Boom! As my great math teacher Mr. Cox said “You can’t argue math!” Shoot … wasn’t fast enough! So if we put this into a new temperature scale… …Carry the 1, factor in the sea level … atmospheric pressure … aha! What do you think that would be Lord Kelvin? Everyone knows, you don’t shut up about it! Who cares … what we need to talk about it is temperature! We need a new temperature scale! Oh my God where are your feet?! No, but the math works out! Ahh man! Seriously Kelvin, for a smart man you need to get it together! I bet they teach this stuff in schools later! That’s a good looking scale right there! My legacy will live on forever! Ahh! Who said that? 12 … 23/2.34 + 9 *Insert complex Math equations* …. = -273.15oC!

Measuring Temperature So we now know a lot about thermometers Can you use the same type of thermometer in any environment? Actually you cannot … accurately that is! You need your thermometer to have special components for it’s specific use and these components are … Sensor Material affected by the change in some feature of the environment

Measuring Temperature Signal Information signal about temperature that is generated and transmitted Responder Device (light, pointer, liquid) that receives the signal and uses/responds in some way to it So what are some examples of different and unique thermometers?

Measuring Temperature Thermocouple Two different metal wires twisted together When wire tips are heated they produce an electrical signal that travels throughout the wires *The amount of current depends on the temperature* This current is connected to a probe or a computer The current gets too high it can trigger valves, switches Unique for how high of a temperature it can record, normal thermometers would boil and break

Measuring Temperature Bimetallic Strip Two different metals joined firmly together As it is heated one metal expands more than the other and it coils more tightly When it is cooled the process is reversed The movement of the strip can operate electrical switches Used for example in air conditioners, furnaces and fridges

Measuring Temperature Bimetallic Strip

Measuring Temperature Recording Thermometer Uses a bimetallic coil attached to a long metal lever that holds a special pen The tiny movements of the coil translate to larger movements on the pen The pen traces a line up and down along the spinning drum The drum does 1 full turn every 7 days so it can track weekly temperature changes

Measuring Temperature Recording Thermometer

Measuring Temperature Infrared Thermogram Anything warmed than absolute zero gives off infrared radiation (IR) IR is similar to light but cannot be seen with the naked eye You skin can detect it though through touch (warm) You can capture it on video using special cameras and sensors The colour and brightness of the image tells you about the temperature

Measuring Temperature Infrared Thermogram