Characteristics of Magma

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Presentation transcript:

Characteristics of Magma Hotter Magma=More Fluid More silica=Thicker More dissolved gas = more explosive Silica is formed from oxygen and silicon and is one of the most abundant materials in Earth’s crust and mantle.

Mr. Magner DHSHS Earth ScienceWords

Characteristics of Magma Lava that is rich in Silica forms pumice and obsidian when cooled

Characteristics of Magma Lava that is low in Silica forms basalt when cooled

Write your questions: Level 1 Level 2 Define compare Describe Contrast Identify Group List Sequence Name Explain Classify/Categorize Give the relationship Cause/Effect 1 “Level 1” Questions & 1 “Level 2” Questions

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Types of Volcanic Eruptions The silica, and water vapor content of magma helps to determine whether the volcanic eruption is quiet or explosive.

Quiet Eruptions A volcano erupts quietly if it s magma flows easily The gas dissolved in the magma bubbles out gently Thin, runny lava oozes quietly from the vent Produce two different types of lava: Pahoehoe and aa

Pahoehoe HOT, FLUID lava, low in silica and extremely hot (around 800-1500ºF). Means “ropey”, due to its appearance.

Pahoehoe

Pahoehoe

Aa is cooler and slower-moving and forms rough surface consisting of jagged lava chunks

Aa

Aa

Shield Volcanoes Mr. Magner DHSHS Earth ScienceWords Repeated lava flows during quiet eruptions gradually build up a broad, gently sloping volcanic mountain Can rise from hot spot on the ocean floor like the Hawaiian Islands Mr. Magner DHSHS Earth ScienceWords

Shield Volcanoes

Explosive Eruptions If it’s magma is thick and sticky, a volcano erupts explosively. It plugs the pipe like a cork in a bottle. Gasses build up pressure and they explode.If its magma is thick and sticky, a volcano erupts explosively It plugs the pipe like a cork in a bottle Gases build up pressure until they explode its magma is thick and sticky, a volcano erupts explosively

Ash

Ash

Ash

Explosive Eruptions cont. A pyroclastic flow occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out ash, cinders and bombs as well as gases Ash – fine, rocky particles as small as a grain of sand Cinders – pebble-sized particles Bombs – anywhere from baseball to the size of a car

Cinders

Cinders

bombs

bombs

bombs

Pyroclastic Flow Out-running Mt. Pinotubo (Hopefully).

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