Bell Ringer 2/3/15 Create a monohybrid punnet square from the following information Mom is homozygous dominant for brown hair, B. Dad is homozygous recessive, b, for blonde hair. What are their potential offspring’s genotypes? Use B for dominant and b for recessive

When Heredity Follows Different Rules

Simple Mendelian Inheritance Inheritance controlled by dominant and recessive paired alleles. Purple FF White ff Pure- breeding P generation Hybrid F1 generation Ff x

FF or Ff = Purple Flowers In Mendelian Inheritance, Heterozygous and Homozygous Dominant Individuals have the same phenotype. Purple FF White ff Pure- breeding P generation Hybrid F1 generation Ff x FF or Ff = Purple Flowers ff = White Flowers

BUT. . . It gets a little more complicated than that

Incomplete Dominance When one allele is not completely dominant over another. You get a mix of the two.

Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes. Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous R R R R’ R’ R’

How do we create a punnett square for Incomplete dominance?? RR R’R’ R R’ RR’ x

Now you try one A Heterozygous snapdragon flower is crossed with another Heterozygous snapdragon flower. What Genotypes and Phenotypes could the offspring potentially have? x RR’ RR’

R R R’ R’ R R’ 25% RR 50% R R’ 25% R’ R’ 25% Red 50% Pink 25% White R’

Human hair color and type

Bell Ringer 2/4/15 Complete the following Incomplete Dominance Punnett square. R R’ R’

Ms. Clawson’s pitbull! What is unique about her dog’s inheritance?

Codominance When two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time.

In Codominance, codominant alleles cause the phenotypes of both homozygotes to be produced in heterozygotes. BB BW WW

x BB WW B W BW = CoDominance

Now you try one A Heterozygous Chicken is crossed with a Homozygous White Chicken. What Genotypes (codes) and Phenotypes (look like) could the offspring potentially have? BW WW

W B WW BW 50% BW 50% WW 50% Checkered 50% White

Sickle-Cell Anemia-CoDominance Most common in black Americans whose families originated in Africa and in white Americans whose families originated in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea

If homozygous for Sickle-Cell Anemia The oxygen carrying protein, hemoglobin, differs by one amino acid from normal hemoglobin. This forms crystal like structures than change the shape of the red blood cells to be half-moon shaped. They block small vessels and slow blood flow, and result in tissue damage and pain. Results in shorter life spans

If heterozygous for Sickle-Cell Anemia Both normal and half-moon shaped hemoglobin cells are produced (Combo) They don’t have serious health problems Can lead relatively normal lives Show signs if the availability of oxygen is reduced

Complete 2nd side of Worksheet: Incomplete Dominance (finished yesterday) Complete Dominance (complete & grade today)

PICK UP NEW BELLRINGER FROM TABLE! Monday, April 28th PICK UP NEW BELLRINGER FROM TABLE! What is Incomplete Dominance? What is Codominance? Using the images below find the genotypes and phenotypes of two heterozygous parents TAKE OUT Incomplete and Codominance punnett square assignment!!! BB WW BW

Tuesday, April 29th What is Incomplete Dominance? What is Codominance? Using the image below find the genotypes and phenotypes of two heterozygous parents BB WW BW

Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes. Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous R R R R’ R’ R’

In Codominance, codominant alleles cause the phenotypes of both homozygous individuals to be produced in heterozygous individuals. BB BW WW

Multiple Alleles B = Dominant to b but recessive to B B = Dominant b Some traits can have multiple alleles that control what phenotype an organism will have. B = Dominant to b but recessive to B A B = Dominant b = Recessive to all alleles A

What are ALL of the possible genotypes for the dark brown pigeon What are ALL of the possible genotypes for the dark brown pigeon? (HINT: there are 3) B = Dominant to b but recessive to B B A = Dominant = Recessive to both of the other alleles b A

B A B A B A B A b B

Multiple Alleles In Humans BLOOD TYPING: Single gene that has multiple alleles O A B AB

How is a person’s blood type determined? By the presence or absence of large molecules (Antigens) on the red blood cells. Antibodies (part of our immune system) react with foreign antigens so it is important for doctors to know their patients blood type.

There are 3 alleles for blood type ABO Blood Group HUMAN BLOOD TYPES PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE A AA or AO B BB or BO AB O OO There are 3 alleles for blood type A, B, and O

A is dominant to O B is dominant to O A and B are Codominant HUMAN BLOOD TYPES PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE A AA or AO B BB or BO AB O OO There are 3 alleles for blood type: A, B, and O A is dominant to O B is dominant to O A and B are Codominant

How many different allele combinations are there for each Blood Type? AA AB AO BB BO OO

A person with the blood type AO is crossed with a person with the blood type BO. What blood types could their offspring have?

A O B OO AO AB BO

One parent has the blood type A and the other blood type B One parent has the blood type A and the other blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if they produce children with only blood type AB? Parents Phenotype Parents Genotype Type A Type B or A A A O B B B O

A B AB A O B BO AB A O B AO AB A O B OO AO AB BO

Tuesday, April 29th 1. One parent has the blood type AB and the other has blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if they have a 50% chance of having offspring with AB blood. Parents Phenotype Parents Genotype Type AB Type B or A B B B B O

One parent has the blood type A and the other parent has blood type B. Wednesday, April 30th One parent has the blood type A and the other parent has blood type B. 1. What are the possible genotypes of the parents if they have a 50% chance to produce children with genotype BO? Parents Phenotype Parents Genotype Type A Type B or A A or A O B B B O

A B AB A O B BO AB A O B AO AB A O B OO AO AB BO

How is a person’s blood type determined? By the presence or absence of large molecules (Antigens) on the red blood cells. Antibodies (part of our immune system) react with foreign antigens so it is important for doctors to know their patients blood type.

Thursday, May 1st What are ALL of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring between one parent who is type A blood and one parent who is type AB blood

Friday, May 2ND Write EXAM on your Bellringer sheet for today TURN IN your Genetics Exam Review Clear your Desk of all paper and Folders—All I should see in front of you is something to write with!!! **********DO NOT WASTE TIME**********

Multiple Alleles B = Dominant to b but recessive to B B = Dominant b Some traits can have multiple alleles that control what phenotype an organism will have. B = Dominant to b but recessive to B A B = Dominant b = Recessive to both of the other alleles A

What are ALL of the possible genotypes for the dark brown pigeon What are ALL of the possible genotypes for the dark brown pigeon? (HINT: there are 3) B = Dominant to b but recessive to B B A = Dominant = Recessive to both of the other alleles b A

B A B A B A B A b B

Wednesday, April 30th LAB TODAY Write LAB under today’s date on your bellringer sheet. Take out COMPLEX FORMS OF INHERITANCE and BLOOD TYPING PRACTICE activities to turn in

PICK UP YOUR FOLDER. TURN IN YOUR HOMEWORK REVIEW DAY Friday, April 25th REVIEW DAY PICK UP YOUR FOLDER. TURN IN YOUR HOMEWORK WE WILL BEGIN SHORTLY

Incomplete Dominance When one allele is not completely dominant over another.

Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes. Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous R R R R’ R’ R’

How do we create a punnett square for Incomplete dominance?? RR R’R’ R R’ RR’ x

Codominance When two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time.

In Codominance, codominant alleles cause the phenotypes of both homozygous individuals to be produced in heterozygous individuals. BB BW WW

x BB WW B W BW