February 8, 2018 Get out stuff for notes Agricultural revolutions and von thunen HW: register for ap exam!!! Pgs. 352-359

KEY ISSUES Where and when did agriculture originate? Major Agricultural Revolutions Location of major agricultural regions around the world Types of agriculture Economic difficulties faced by farmers

ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE

First Agricultural revolution 10,000 BCE Hunter-gatherer to farming Nomadic to permanent settlements

Crash course video: agricultural revolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

Subsistence agriculture Production mainly for family use Variety of crops grown on small amount of land More manual/animal power, less mechanized Main form of agriculture until second Ag. Rev. Still dominant in developing nations Slash and Burn

Regions of subsistence agriculture

LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE A large proportion of workers in most LDCs are in agriculture, while only a small percentage of workers in MDCs are engaged in agriculture.

SECOND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Industrial Revolution 1700-1800s New technologies and techniques  improved crop yields More mechanized, fewer workers

Commercial agriculture Primarily grown for profit Few workers Monoculture Found in developed nations Large farms

Percentage of workers in different sectors of the economy

J.H. Von Thünen German Farmer Proposed a model in 1826 to explain land use based on his experience Think back to the beginning of the 19th century: How would you describe his agricultural world? (Think about stage, technology, etc.)

A farmer considers 2 things: Cost of the land Von Thunen Model: A farmer considers 2 things: Cost of the land Cost of transporting product to market In other words, PROFIT!

It doesn‘t always look the same:

THIRD AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Green Revolution 1930’s to current day Genetically modified seeds Fertilizers and pesticides Improved irrigation Canals, irrigation systems Increased yields

Agricultural issues Pollution from chemicals Water scarcity Decrease in biodiversity GMOs Alteration of landscape Decreasing bee population Cash Crops

Do you treat the school cafeteria different than your kitchen table? Think-pair-share Do you treat the school cafeteria different than your kitchen table? Why?

Tragedy of the Commons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZDjPnzoge0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVwk6VIxBXg Self-interest and competition usually leads to destruction of shared resources Privatization, cooperation, regulation, and enforcement of regulation can protect shared resources