Wilson’s New Freedom American History 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Wilson’s New Freedom American History 2

Woodrow Wilson -2nd Democrat elected since the Civil War -1st Southerner since Zachary Taylor (d. 1850)

1913 Inaugural Address Wilson attacked “the triple wall of privilege” -tariffs, banking, and trusts

Tariff Reduction Broke tradition by addressing Congress in person -need for lower tariff rates to bring consumer prices down Underwood Tariff - 1913 - substantially reduced tariff rates for 1st time in 50 years - compensated w/ a graduated income tax - rates from 1 - 6%

Banking Reform -Proposed a national banking system with 12 district banks supervised by a Federal Reserve Board - (Chairman 2nd most powerful person in America) -Federal Reserve Act - 1914

Business Regulation -Clayton Antitrust Act - strengthened Sherman Act and contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts -Federal Trade Commission - empowered to investigate and take action against any “unfair trade practice” (except in banking and transportation)

Child Labor -Child Labor Act - 1916 - prohibited shipment in interstate commerce of products manufactured by children under 14. -Supreme Court found act unconstitutional in 1918 in Hammer v. Dagenhart

Limits to Wilson’s Progressivism Southerner by birth, maintained racial prejudice Wilson opposed federal anti-lynching campaigns Resegregated the Capitol and federal offices Appointed segregationists to his cabinet